Israelis strategists have proposed since the 1980s the goal of making Iraq and Syria split along sectarian and ethnic lines. Perhaps the US intended to do this.

Other countries such as Saudi Arabia might have wanted it too, and influenced Dubya to invade Iraq.

PISSI took advantage of Russian air strikes to capture territory from other enemies of Assad.

A forged "letter from Moscow", which helped defeat Labour in the 1920s, was written by someone who later worked for MI6.

This gives rise to suspicions that MI6 helped arrange for the forgery, helping the Tories against Labour.

Experts warn: the greenhouse gas pledges offered so far for the Paris conference are insufficient to keep heating within 2C.

We don't know that keeping heating under 2C will avoid disaster. If we are wise, we will do even more to reduce the heating as much as we can.

Research suggests that global heating might lead to big sudden climate changes when certain tipping points are reached.

Coral Reefs Are Not Just Pretty — They Are Vital to Life.