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Defective by Design: A resistance to restrictions

mardi 17 décembre 2019 à 22:51

The Free Software Foundation (FSF) keeps a close eye on the headlines for threats to user freedom coming from many different fronts, such as the way Digital Restrictions Management (DRM) impedes an individual's right to control their computers and devices. The Defective by Design campaign is a place for us to transform our digital dissent into in-person actions, canvassing, and effective protests. We couldn't do work like this without your support, which is why we're asking you to join our associate membership program.

Digital Restrictions Management (DRM) stepped up its game in 2019 when it comes to oppressing users. The hydra of streaming media conglomerates gained an ugly new head in the form of Disney+, and Pearson's latest attempt to restrict access to their textbooks reminded us that even education can't escape digital handcuffs. Over the years it's crept into our coffee, spied on our habits, and may one day threaten toast, but the fight's not over yet.

As every aspect of our lives goes digital, there's no part of our lifestyle that is safe from DRM. This gives us one of two choices. Either we can go the analog route and stop trying to access the media we care about in order to retain our freedom, or we can eliminate DRM altogether. Looking back on 2019 and the thirteen-year history of the Defective by Design campaign, we're confident that the best option is the latter one.

Our goal may be ambitious, but it's not impossible to achieve. The passion we've seen from anti-DRM activists over the years has driven one point home: the only thing standing between us and our objective is the billions of dollars corporations spend to try and persuade us to trade freedom for convenience. But as every underdog story shows, it's passion and not profit that wins in the end. For instance, due to a large public outcry, Disney has begrudgingly lowered the DRM level of its new streaming service. Yet we won't rest until it's gone for good.

We spent this year on the frontlines in the fight against DRM. Sometimes this was easier than at other times: the weather in Boston for our International Day Against DRM (IDAD) wasn't quite as cold as it was when we campaigned against Disney outside of local theaters on the premiere of Frozen II. Just before moviegoers huddled inside the theater, we were there to pass out fliers and start conversations on the dangers of Disney+.

At the same time, we were invigorated by the support we've seen from both individuals and organizations around the globe; at the time of this writing, we're expecting to receive a shipment of 2,000 stickers from an anti-DRM activist with a printing press. No matter how large or small they are, these gestures of fiscal support add up to make an enormous impact on our work.

Just as DRM infects many different areas of our digital lives, the Defective by Design campaign spans multiple forms of media. In addition to drawing the support of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, Creative Commons, FSF Europe, and 11 other partner organizations in the International Day Against DRM, we made a shareable book dust jacket in nine different languages that activists around the world have used to inform others of the grave threat ebook DRM poses to our cultural legacy.

As steadfast as we are, the FAANGs of the hydra are getting even sharper. DRM may have started out as a seemingly benign way for record labels to make an extra buck at the expense of their listeners' freedom, but like every bacteria, it began to take increasingly sickening shapes and forms. Streaming services are growing more popular by the day, and the companies behind them are developing ever more insidious ways to restrict and spy on the people who purchase their products.

The commitment of our community fuels our own. It's your feedback that helps us update the Guide to DRM-free Living, your financial giving that keeps our lights on, and your dedication to a world without DRM that inspires our passion against all odds. Together we can push the fight against DRM forward, and design a future that isn't defective.

Photo by Greg Farough Copyright © 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc., licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0.

Support FSF's copyleft and licensing work

vendredi 13 décembre 2019 à 16:35

The Free Software Foundation’s (FSF) licensing and compliance team is the guardian of the GNU General Public License (GPL), which has brought software freedom to the world for over three decades. As stewards of the GPL and the rest of the GNU family of licenses, we must continue our work to protect and extend computer user freedom, but we need your help.

We launched our annual fundraiser with the goal of welcoming 600 new associate members before December 31st. New members are critical to the cause, and by becoming a member you will stand in solidarity with others who care about computer user freedom. As is the case with any social movement, the numbers matter, and it is a very powerful gesture to make for only $10 a month ($5 if you are a student). Please support the work that gives hope for a future with software freedom: make a donation or – better yet -- join us and become a member today.

The Free Software Foundation is a global leader for copyleft, and the licensing team plays a vital role in disseminating useful knowledge about free software while working to protect it. We accomplish this in part by answering licensing questions from the public and by providing resources like our list of free software licenses. We also increase access to software freedom by managing the Respects Your Freedom certification program, and cataloging free software through our endorsed distributions program and the Free Software Directory. To protect free software, we handle license compliance for the GNU Project, resulting in a stronger community and more respect for the power of copyleft.

We are proud to accomplish this as just two staff working with our executive director, board, and legal counsel. These resources combined make a potent force for software freedom, and your support will ensure our work continues with the aim to do an even better job in 2020. Let us share a bit about the work we did in 2019 and elaborate on why it is so vital that this work continues.

Helping users, developers, and distributors to understand licensing

The FSF, as a recognized authority on free software licensing, along with our team of three volunteers, answered almost 600 licensing questions from all over the world in 2019. The questions can range from the very simple (“Can I sell free software?” Yes, you can!) to the much more complex nuances of free software licensing. Some people write to us trying to understand both established GNU licenses and licenses created by other organizations.

The software licensing landscape is constantly changing, as some projects choose to draft new licenses. We periodically provide updates to our licensing materials to help keep everyone informed and connected to best practices. Even for licenses on which we’ve publicly commented, there can still be questions about what they mean, or how they can interact with one another. In addition to fielding questions directly, we provide resources like our GPL FAQ, with over 170 entries on the GPL and other important free software topics. We also maintain our list of software licenses, with our determinations as to whether each license is free or nonfree.

Software licensing seminars

In October, we hosted a Continuing Legal Education (CLE) seminar on GPL enforcement and legal ethics, and we plan to do another one in 2020. The subject matter is geared towards lawyers, law professionals and students, but is open to and attended by non-law professionals as well. The 2019 edition of our seminar covered the basics of the GPL, court cases that shaped the free software licensing world, ethical considerations important to lawyers working with clients involved in free software, trademarks, and the current spate of license proliferation. These seminars are great for anyone seeking discussion and information about software licensing, and for those attorneys who are seeking CLE credits. The lectures are given by experts and leaders in the field, people at the forefront of advancing copyleft licensing. In 2020, we plan to host yet another CLE, and with your help, we will keep expanding these seminars and increase their frequency in the years to come.

Identifying and supporting fully free GNU/Linux distributions

Through our list of free GNU/Linux distributions, users can find a complete operating system that contains and recommends only free software. We work with maintainers, we help them remove nonfree software, and we point out other potential issues with the distribution. During last year's fundraiser we were excited to announce the latest addition to the list, Hyperbola GNU/Linux-Libre. Although we saw the retirement of Musix in 2019, the list still includes a fair number of choices, with nine standard distros and two small GNU/Linux distros meant for limited devices, but clearly we want to keep providing more options for users when it comes to fully free distributions. Your help will allow us to do just that as we strive for a world where GNU/Linux distributions fully guarantee user freedom, rather than risking becoming platforms using free components just to more efficiently deliver proprietary applications or forcing users into Service as a Software Substitute.

Helping users find freedom-respecting devices

Being able to purchase hardware that only comes with free software takes effort, which is where our Respects Your Freedom certification program comes in. As the only organization doing this unique type of certification, we certified eighteen devices in 2019, with fourteen from ThinkPenguin, two from Vikings GmbH, and two from Raptor Computing Systems.

In a world rife with digital products that disrespect the user, this program is critical. We're seeing an increasing number of people demanding more freedom when it comes to their devices. For this reason, we gave our RYF Web page a major overhaul, transforming it from a single chronological listing of certifications to a standalone site. Not only does it have a sleek modern look and mobile device compatibility, but it is also a robust database for browsing by product type and by vendor. This functionality not only makes products easier to find, but its design will also handle the expected growth in the number of certified devices.

Picture it: a world where people can go into a store or online and easily buy products, without being expert technologists or licensing gurus, that purvey respect along with their technical usefulness! We see this future over the horizon, and with your help, we can exceed our expectations to process (and hopefully approve) more devices for certification in 2020 and beyond.

Helping everyone ethically share free software

When all of our educational resources aren't enough, and someone fails to provide the rights guaranteed under a free license like the GPL, the licensing team takes special care to teach them how to better their ways and find a place in the community. Where necessary, we uphold free software by enforcing the license according to the Principles of Community-Oriented GPL Enforcement, which we co-developed with the Software Freedom Conservancy. Our goal is to educate and guide these distributors into compliance, but we stand firm in our belief that legal action is sometimes necessary to protect user rights.

Helping users find free software

The licensing team maintains the Free Software Directory, a massive listing of over 16,000 freely-licensed packages, which had over 800,000 unique visits in 2019. This is a resource for users to find free software. It also helps maintainers of free software packages discover potential licensing issues with their code, and because it provides exportable data sets, the Directory's usefulness expands to academic researchers as well. You are welcome to join us and other volunteers every Friday via IRC (freenode, #fsf @ 12:00-15:00 EST) to review free software packages for inclusion in the Directory. If there's an issue, we file a bug with the project about the licensing problem. The Directory is a wiki that anyone can edit, and we always welcome more volunteers to participate. In 2019, we brought in quite a few new volunteers, who took on projects to more systematically update and curate entries, and even to improve the functioning of the Directory itself. But while 16,000 free software packages may seem like a lot, there is an entire world of free software beyond the Directory that still needs the sort of licensing review that we provide as part of the process of adding a package to the Directory.

Help us advocate for copyleft!

Besides answering emails and publishing articles, the licensing team also gives talks at conferences and staffs FSF booths at conferences such as CopyleftConf, LinuxFest Northwest, and FOSDEM. We are getting the word out about software freedom! But to continue this work, and do even more in the year to come, we need your support. We hope you'll take this opportunity to help us in this mission in the year ahead.

Replicant needs your help to liberate Android in 2020

mardi 10 décembre 2019 à 20:50

The Free Software Foundation (FSF) supports the work of several important free software projects through fiscal sponsorship in a program we call Working Together for Free Software.

Donations to any of the Working Together for Free Software projects directly benefit the work that can be done. Too often, these projects are underfunded and developers are putting in a lot of personal time and effort to keep the project moving forward. Because of the FSF fiscal sponsorship, they can receive donations and apply for funding.

Our annual fundraiser is happening right now. If you're able to, please consider making a donation to Replicant through their dedicated sponsorship page. Every dollar you contribute helps this inspiring project work towards a freer mobile future.

Associate members are at the heart of our foundation and strengthen our ability to help other free software projects like Replicant. Join today to help us reach our goal of welcoming 600 new associate members before December 31st. As a special bonus, all new and renewing annual associate members ($120+) can choose to receive one of our exclusive year-end gifts. If you get a minimum of three people to mention you as a referral, you can get them too!

Below is an update from developer Denis "GNUtoo" Carikli, who is one of three people on the "steering committee" of Replicant: a fully free Android distribution running on several devices. It is a free software mobile operating system putting the emphasis on freedom, privacy, and security.


Mobile devices such as phones and tablets are becoming an increasingly important part in our computing, hence they are particularly subject to freedom and security concerns. These devices aren't simply "phones" or "tablets." They are full computers with powerful hardware, running complete operating systems that allow for updates, software changes, and installable applications. This makes it feasible to run free software on them. Thus, it is possible to choose a device that runs a free bootloader and free mobile operating system -- Replicant -- as well as fully free apps for the user. You can read more about privacy and security on mobile phones and the solutions that Replicant offers, as well as learn some valuable lessons on how better to protect your freedom on mobile devices on the Replicant Web site.

Replicant is currently steered by a team of three people: Fil Bergamo, Joonas Kylmälä (Putti), and myself. At the beginning of this year, we successfully applied for funding from a program from the European Union called Next Generation Internet. We also received a sizeable donation from Handshake, which allowed us to make some significant investments.

The most notable changes we are working on are building a new version of Replicant based on Android 9, which will enable a wider range of users to use a fully free Android distribution for the first time. We are also reducing maintenance costs to increase sustainability. The Replicant project is now using the official linux kernel with very few patches, and we contribute patches upstream as well. This means we send our work back to the main developers of the kernel Linux so that everyone can benefit. This allows us to create a virtuous circle that makes Replicant benefit GNU/Linux and GNU/Linux development benefit from Replicant. Working with upstream would not be possible without funding, as it requires a lot more work than what we used to do with previous Replicant versions.

Getting people more acquainted with the work we do helps us source new contributors, as well as convince people to use Replicant. This year, we managed to travel to a few important conferences, as well as organize our own Replicant conference. A full report of the conference is available, along with slides, videos, and a summary of the discussions that took place. The conference allowed us to bring together the people who care about Replicant and who understand the importance of the work we do. Watching these presentations can help any new Replicant developers to contribute to the project, as they explain a lot about our architecture, our history, and how to begin making a version of Replicant for newer devices and Android versions.

Being awarded a large grant is a highly competitive process, which means we cannot rely on that for continuous funding to pay for all of our work, so we choose to spend money on tasks that have a long-term impact. For instance, this could include completing the library that communicates with the Samsung IPC modem protocol (libsamsung-ipc), which would enable other Android distributions to use it and share the changes they make with us. It could also help us to continue our work on free WiFi firmware. These investments will ensure that developers can continue to maintain Replicant even when larger donations are not available.


Projects like Replicant rely on individual donations like yours to continue their work independent of large donations and funding. They can always use your help, whether that help is financial, or provided in time and effort. To further assist them, you can use Replicant and become part of the project's community by using its forums, contributing to its wiki, and submitting any bugs you discover.

At SeaGL 2019, free software was in fine feather

lundi 9 décembre 2019 à 18:34

While the satisfactions of software freedom are quite enjoyable on your own, some of the greatest joys of free software come from our opportunities to flock together with other members of our community: to collaborate on our work, teach new skills, or simply show off new achievements. A grassroots gathering like the Seattle GNU/Linux Conference (SeaGL) is fun because it’s so thoroughly participatory: everyone comes into the room with something they’re excited to tell you about, and they’re equally excited to hear what you’re working on. The people at the front of the room giving a keynote talk are just as likely to be sitting next to you in the next session, so you can tell them what you thought of their talk, and even find out how to participate in their projects!

As someone who is fairly new to the free software world and comparatively short on tech knowledge, I mostly attended talks on free software culture and more easily understood technological talks, although these were hardly the only topics on offer. Having unfortunately missed the opening keynotes by Lisha Sterling and Abigail Cabunoc Mayes due to some bad allergies, I began the day with a talk on DIY decentralization, by Aeva Black. Black set an irreverent tone for their talk with a reference to the notoriously goofy nineties movie Hackers, but quickly veered into much more serious territory: major digital communication platforms have exercised bias and even overt censorship against marginalized groups. How do we navigate around the power of Facebook, Twitter, Google, and the rest? Decentralization, federation, and self-hosting provide some good solutions, and a quick demonstration showed that if you have some basic know-how and tools, anyone can do it.

Next, I checked out Audrey Eschright’s talk called “Organizing your way to a long and healthy career.” Jumping off from the recent walkouts at companies including Facebook and Wayfair, as well as her own experiences trying to correct issues in past workplaces, Eschright laid out some of the basics of workplace organizing without a union. If nothing else, some of these strategies can be crucial for your sanity: as Eschright pointed out, just knowing “I’m not alone in what I want” can be a great relief.

My next talk was “Empowering new programmers through introductory Arduino workshops,” presented by Hailee Kennedy, a developer and co-organizer of the Django Girls PDX program, of Portland, Oregon. Kennedy has put a lot of time and thought into the best ways to introduce women and girls to programming in order to help diversify the computing world, and she spent a lot of the talk comparing various workshops she’s given in order to highlight best practices. The most important take-home message I got from this talk (and have continued to repeat to everyone since): actually learning a new skill takes practice, so nobody’s going to learn a skill they can immediately reuse from a one-day workshop. The goal of these courses, instead, is to pique the curiosity and confidence of the attendees – to give them an experience they’ll enjoy so that they’re eager to take on more programming projects on their own! So, an onerous experience that focuses on training and rote learning isn’t going to do the trick: instead, participants need a social, fun, and satisfying experience that they come out of having created something concrete, creating an itch to try more programming.

My final talk of the day was “Make it official: In praise of official programs for diversity and inclusion,” presented by 2018 Free Software Award winner Deb Nicholson. In this talk, Deb noted that a lot of the previous practices attempted by many companies to bump up diversity have failed simply because people don’t like them: trainings, for instance, can feel like a punishment. On the other hand, participants on both sides of mentoring programs like Outreachy absolutely love how these paid internships work – and they really do help interns get the tech jobs they’re aiming for! The FSF has hosted internships for several Outreachy participants so far, and I'm glad to hear that in our small way, we're helping to open doors.

I spent the rest of Friday at the FSF table in the exhibit hall, chatting with visitors and selling GNU Press gear, and then running our meetup at Herb & Bitter Public House, a few blocks away from the venue -- they completely merit the shout-out here, since they took wonderful care of us, and all of our guests seemed quite satisfied! We organize these informal meetups at most free software conferences that have staff attendees, to provide our supporters with opportunities to mingle, cross-pollinate their projects, and tell us how they feel about our current efforts. After all, our members and other supporters enable the FSF to exist, so we need to be available and accountable to you!

Day two of the conference started with keynotes by Benjamin Mako Hill (“How markets coopted free software’s most powerful weapon”) and Sage Sharp (“Countering impostor syndrome culture”). Mako’s talk began with data tracking the popularity of the Couchsurfing Web site versus Airbnb, and laid out a somewhat grim forecast for the future of free software: proprietary software companies borrowing techniques from commons-based peer production projects like free software are replacing, displacing, and outcompeting what's available in the commons. Mako delivered a similar talk at LibrePlanet 2018, which you can view on our MediaGoblin instance.

Sage Sharp’s keynote was particularly useful for me, as someone with limited technical know-how at a tech conference: their goal was to educate us all on how to avoid worsening everyone else’s impostor syndrome, since it’s likely that we’ve all got at least a little bit! My favorite take-home message from this talk: telling someone that their project, or their talk, or their artwork is “very good and you’re very talented” has a way of exacerbating people’s insecurities. You can avoid making them feel this way, however, by telling them, instead, how their work made you feel: as Sharp put it, “I can’t argue with your feelings.” Thus, when Sharp sat down next to me at the end of their talk, I told them, “I’m now going to use a skill you’ve just taught me: your talk made me feel very seen.”

My last stopoff before a long stint behind the FSF table was at Eva Monsen’s talk on “Learning natural language processing through the Regender Project.” This was one of those rare talks that had everyone in the room buzzing with excitement: the Regender Project is an open-ended experiment wherein Monsen is attempting to reverse (or neutralize) all gendered language in books that are available in the public domain, entirely through machine learning. You’d think this would be simple – just program your computer to change “he” to “she,” right? But at each stage of the project, Monsen found that she had to add more steps, and discovered more roadblocks, which she laid out as a fascinating narrative about how thoroughly gender is built into the English language (and, of course, many others). By the Q&A session at the end, hands were flying into the air with suggestions for other steps to try, and insights about gendered language, demonstrating the participatory and creative potential built into the world of free software, and how it opens so many possibilities to explore and reach a new understanding of personal and political realities.

After a few more hours selling T-shirts and talking free software at our table, I finished off the day with a talk that I knew would be too amusing to miss: “The Death Star Postmortem,” delivered by Gareth J. Greenaway. Every complicated project needs a postmortem, whether your project is a smashing success or a ludicrous failure like the fictional Death Star, which was destroyed not once but twice. Mostly maintaining a pretty impressive deadpan throughout, Greenaway started by explaining best practices for a postmortem on any project, with emphasis on how a properly done postmortem avoids placing blame, maintains team cohesion, and helps to avoid making the same errors twice. He then went into how Darth Vader, the Emperor, and the Galactic Empire proceeded to… make the same errors twice, and some new ones, besides. It was a very informative and entertaining finish to an excellent conference.

The FSF presence at SeaGL couldn't possible have done without the time, skills, generosity, and patience of our local volunteers, who did a masterful job setting up, running, and breaking down our table, selling GNU gear, and answering all the questions I couldn’t. I cannot possibly offer enough gratitude to Pean Lim, McCoy Smith, Jeff Silverman, and Mike (whose last name I didn't catch), all of whom were completely indispensable and deserve your applause. Along with countless other organizers, presenters, and free software supporters, they demonstrated to me that the power of our movement lies in our collective commitment to the cause, and our constant willingness to welcome and bring new people into the fold so that we can keep growing stronger every day. If everyone reading this is half as good as they were at making a relative newbie feel welcome, nothing can stop us in our mission to make all software free!

Finally: whether you live in the great Northwest or not, and whether you're inclined to attend grassroots free software conferences or not, you can help SeaGL keep soaring by donating to the FSF. SeaGL is one of the projects that's fiscally sponsored through our Working Together for Free Software Fund, so you can also contribute directly through their fiscal sponsorship page!

Photos by Dana Morgenstein Copyright © 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc., licensed under CC-BY-SA 4.0.

What's new in the GNU Press Shop

jeudi 5 décembre 2019 à 18:44

Greetings from the GNU Press Shop! This is an update on what's new and exciting at the Free Software Foundation's (FSF) online store, your source for GNU apparel, programming manuals, and more. We know at this time of year you'll be looking for GNU gifts for your favorite free software enthusiasts, and we have some terrific new picks for you to choose from! For holiday gifting, shipped within the US, we recommend placing your order before December 17th.

For starters, we've got just the thing for the chilly season: we have replaced our extended selection of hooded sweatshirts with a single, user-friendly zip-up design. It still comes in our signature maroon color, but with an all-new "happy computer" graphic by the FSF's superstar 2019 intern Valessio Brito. Between this sweatshirt and the satisfying feeling of helping spread the word about software freedom, we think you'll be quite warm and cozy this winter.

But what to wear under the hoodie? As in past years, the autumn brings a fresh color variation of our GNU head T-shirt. This year's GNU is a snazzy maroon-on-mustard color scheme sure to make anyone who sees it hungry for freedom: the tangy condiment without which the sausage of computing lacks savor. You can also spill nonmetaphorical mustard on it, and nobody will notice.

In addition to the new GNU, we also introduced our Emacs logo T-shirt in a scintillating color combination of purple-on-green. These arrived at the shop in late June, and sold out faster than you can say "M-x apropos-variable RET case-fold-search RET." They are once again fully stocked, and yes, they will make you look a little like a super hero (kind of like a more customizable and self-documenting Green Lantern).

Still want more T-shirts? The LibrePlanet 2020 conference T-shirt is available to order now: they won't be printed until March, but we are accepting early orders for shipping or pick-up at the conference. The shirt is a very handsome muted aquamarine color, and features another excellent illustration by Valessio Brito.

Want something that's NOT a T-shirt? Customers who welcome the unexpected will be pleased to learn that a new version of the popular NeuG USB True Random Number Generator is now available. The NeuG has undergone an update to both its physical design and firmware, and provides higher-quality random numbers than ever before.

Your purchases support the mission of the FSF and help us empower the world through the use of free software. Associate members are the heart of our commitment to create a world where all software respects our freedom and dignity. By becoming an associate member, you'll help us reach our goal of 600 new members by the end of the year, and of course you receive a 20% discount at the GNU Press Shop. This means, for instance, if you are starting a free software manual book club and tea drinking society, the fifth member of your club can be outfitted with books and mug gratis.

I'm proud to say that I personally fill and ship every order from the shop, so if you have any queries regarding shipping, please send them my way. I also lead in selecting and designing new products, and I can tell you that we are more than happy to receive your suggestions and opinions about our merchandise. For any of this correspondence, simply reply to this email or write me at sales@fsf.org.

Thanks for reading this update! I hope that you find something in the GNU Press Shop for all the software freedom enthusiasts in your life, yourself included.