# update_log

log:
--------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 35
  Column: 44

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 35
  Column: 77

-------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 174
  Column: 7

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: br line 240 and p
  Line: 240
  Column: 101

--------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 242 and a
  Line: 242
  Column: 32

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: br line 244 and p
  Line: 244
  Column: 98

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 244 and div
  Line: 248
  Column: 7

-------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 242 and div
  Line: 252
  Column: 31

-------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 240 and article
  Line: 254
  Column: 31

--------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: article line 213 and div
  Line: 270
  Column: 8

----------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'hellip' not defined
  Line: 325
  Column: 28

-------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'hellip' not defined
  Line: 387
  Column: 25

-------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 421
  Column: 31

-------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 437
  Column: 31

----------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'hellip' not defined
  Line: 447
  Column: 40

----------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'hellip' not defined
  Line: 454
  Column: 40

-----------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 485
  Column: 17

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 498
  Column: 94

-----------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'copy' not defined
  Line: 509
  Column: 29

----------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 514
  Column: 22

------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 544
  Column: 36

----------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 698
  Column: 10

---------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 698 and p
  Line: 698
  Column: 33

--------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 668 and form
  Line: 700
  Column: 8

--------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 667 and div
  Line: 702
  Column: 8

---------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 179 and body
  Line: 744
  Column: 9

---------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 179 and html
  Line: 745
  Column: 9

--^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 177
  Line: 747
  Column: 2

--^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 99
  Line: 747
  Column: 2

--^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag body line 97
  Line: 747
  Column: 2

--^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag html line 4
  Line: 747
  Column: 2


	<!DOCTYPE html>

	<html lang="en">

	    
    
    
    
    

	  <head>
	    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

	

	    
	    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />

	    
		<base href="http://www.fsf.org/free-software-foundation" /><!--[if lt IE 7]></base><![endif]-->
	    

	    
		<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=0.6666; maximum-scale=1.0; minimum-scale=0.6666" />
		<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />
	    

        

	    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
	    <meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />


	   <title>Free Software Foundation &mdash; Free Software Foundation &mdash; working together for free software</title>


	    
	    

	    
	    
<style type="text/css">
.portlet-static-supporter,.portlet-static-appeal-portlet /*{display: none !important;}*/
#fsf-sidebar {margin-top: 10px;}
#breadcrumbs-you-are-here {display: none !important;}
table, td, tr, tbody, thead{border: 0 !important;}
</style>


	    
	    

	    
	    

	    <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright information" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/rdf" />
	    <link rel="author" title="Author information" href="http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/" />

	<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone3/css/print-2011-10-13.css" />
	<style type="text/css" media="screen"> @import url('//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone4/css/fsf-2012-04-23.css');</style>


	<link rel="alternate" title="FSF News" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/news.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Events" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/events.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Blogs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link rel="alternate" title="Free Software Jobs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/jobs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link rel="alternate" title="GNU Project News" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />

	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />


<style type="text/css">
#breadcrumbs-you-are-here,
#breadcrumbs-home,
#breadcrumbs-current,
#breadcrumbs-1 {
    display: none;
}

.GNUreleases{
	background-color: #ffffe3;
    border: 1px solid #000000;
    color: Black;
    font-weight: bold;
    width: 200px;
    padding: 10px;
}

#portal-languageselector {display: block; position: absolute !important; bottom: 1px; left: 1px;}

</style>
	  </head>


	<body class="template-frontpage_view portaltype-document section-free-software-foundation icons-on" dir="ltr">

	<div id="coolio"> <!-- wrapper div -->

	<p class="onlyMobile"><a tabindex="1" href="#content">Skip to content</a>, <a tabindex="2" href="/sitemap#content">sitemap</a> or <a tabindex="3" href="/search_form#content">skip to search</a>.</p>

	<div id="hd" class="custom-doc visualNoPrint">
	<header>
	    

	<h1><a href="/">Free Software Foundation</a></h1>

	<div id="portal-personaltools-wrapper">

<div id="fsf-custom">

<h5 class="hiddenStructure">Personal tools</h5>

<ul id="portal-personaltools">
  

    
    <li>
       <a href="https://my.fsf.org/login_form" id="personaltools-login">Log in</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="http://www.fsf.org/help-menu" id="personaltools-login-problems">Help!</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="http://www.fsf.org/associate/about-the-members-forum" id="personaltools-forum-promo">Members forum</a>
  </li>
    

</ul>
</div>
</div>

  <a href="http://fsf.org/jfb"><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/join.en.png" alt="Join now" style="float: right;" /></a> 

	</header>
	</div>

	<div class="yui-g fsf-nav-footer" id="fsf-nav">
	<div class="navi">
<div>

<div class="custom-doc">

<nav>
<ul class="main-nav navigation">
<li><a href="/about/" title="">About</a></li>
<li><a href="/campaigns/" title="">Campaigns</a></li>
<li><a href="/associate/" title="">Membership</a></li>
<li><a href="/resources/" title="">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="/community/" title="">Community</a></li>
<li><a href="/donate/" title="">Donate</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shop.fsf.org/" title="">Shop</a></li>
<li class="onlyMobile"><a href="/news/">Latest news</a></li>
<li class="onlyMobile"><a href="/events/">Upcoming events</a></li>
<li class="onlyMobile"><a href="/blogs">Latest blog posts</a></li>
<li class="onlyMobile"><a href="/free-software-supporter/">Free Software Supporter, our monthly email newsletter</a></li>
</ul>



</nav>

</div></div>

</div>
	</div>

<div class="yui-g" style="margin-top: 0px;">
&nbsp;
</div>

	<div class="custom-doc yui-t5">

	   <div id="bd"><div id="yui-main">


<div class="yui-g"><div class="yui-b">



        <div id="portal-column-content" class="cell width-3:4 position-0">

            <div id="viewlet-above-content"><div id="portal-breadcrumbs">

    <span id="breadcrumbs-you-are-here">You
are here:</span>
    <span id="breadcrumbs-home">
        <a href="http://www.fsf.org">Home</a>
        
    </span>

</div></div>

            
                <div class="">

                    

                    

    <dl class="portalMessage info" id="kssPortalMessage" style="display:none">
        <dt>Info</dt>
        <dd></dd>
    </dl>


                    
                    <article>
                    
                        <div id="content">

                            

                            
    

<div style="font-size:24px; text-align: center">

<title>Free Software Foundation - working together for free software</title>


<!-- COMMENTING THIS OUT TEMPORARILY BECAUSE THE CONTENT IS MORE THAN A WEEK OLD
<h2>This week's highlight:</h2>
-->

<div width="500px">
<p width="500px">GNOME leader Karen Sandler tells how doctors and companies resisted showing her the source code for her heart implant -- a personal story that showcases why software freedom is so important. <i>Delivered at linux.conf.au 2012.</i></p>
<video width="500px" controls="controls">
<source src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/SandlerKeynote.webm" type="video/webm">
Sorry; your browser is not able to play this video, please <a href="http://static.fsf.org/nosvn/SandlerKeynote.webm">try downloading it</a> instead.
</source></video>

</div>

<p>Karen is a keynote speaker at our upcoming <br>conference, LibrePlanet 2013: "Commit Change."</p>

<a href="http://libreplanet.org/wiki/LibrePlanet:Conference/2013"><img src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/LP2013.png" style="border: black solid 1px;" alt="LibrePlanet 2013"></a>
<p></p>
<p>FSF members can attend the conference at no cost.<br>Click this button to become a member:</p>

<p><a href="https://my.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom"><img alt="Join Now" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/join.en.png" /></a></p>	

</div>

    

                        </div>
                    
                    </article>

                    
                </div>
            

            <div id="viewlet-below-content">





    

</div>
        </div>
	</div></div></div>


	 <div id="fsf-sidebar" class="yui-b visualNoPrint">
	    <aside>
	<div id="search">

	      <form id="sidesearch" name="searchform" action="http://www.fsf.org/search">
		  <p><input name="SearchableText" tabindex="1" type="text" size="30" title="Search Site" /></p>
		  <p><input class="searchButton" type="submit" value="Search" /></p>
	      </form>

	</div>


		      <div class="visualPadding">
		        
		          
<div id="portletwrapper-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a6673662d6e6577732d727373" class="portletWrapper kssattr-portlethash-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a6673662d6e6577732d727373"><div class="portletStaticText portlet-static-fsf-news-rss"><p style="float: right;"><a href="/static/fsforg/rss/news.xml" title="Subscribe to an RSS feed of FSF news"><img src="/static/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="RSS feed" /></a></p></div>

</div>

<div id="portletwrapper-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a6e657773" class="portletWrapper kssattr-portlethash-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a6e657773"><dl class="portlet portletNews" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

    <dt class="portletHeader">
        <span class="portletTopLeft"></span>
        <a href="http://www.fsf.org/news" class="tile">News</a>
        <span class="portletTopRight"></span>
    </dt>

    
    <dd class="portletItem odd">

        <a href="http://www.fsf.org/news/gnu-comes-bearing-gifts-draws-shoppers-from-windows-store" class="tile" title="Boston, Massachusetts, USA -- Thursday, December 20th, 2012 -- Today, FSF activists visited a local Microsoft store during its &quot;Tech for Tots&quot; session to wish passersby happy holidays with copies of the Trisquel GNU/Linux operating system, a free software replacement for Windows 8. The activists were accompanied by a gnu (free software's buffalo-like mascot) and sported Santa hats in the spirit of the season. Their action drew smiles from mall-goers who had expected to see costumed people giving gifts, but not quite like this.
">
            <img width="16" height="16" src="http://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/css/img/newsitem_icon.gif" alt="News Item" />
            Gnu comes bearing gifts, draws shoppers from Microsoft store
            <span class="portletItemDetails">Dec 21, 2012</span>
        </a>
    </dd>
    
    
    <dd class="portletItem even">

        <a href="http://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-encourages-shoppers-to-give-freely-with-new-giving-guide" class="tile" title="BOSTON, Massachusetts, USA -- Wednesday, November 28, 2012 -- The Free Software Foundation (FSF) today announced its 2012 Giving Guide, a resource for people looking for ethical electronics gifts this holiday season. ">
            <img width="16" height="16" src="http://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/css/img/newsitem_icon.gif" alt="News Item" />
            Free Software Foundation encourages shoppers to 'Give Freely' with new Giving Guide
            <span class="portletItemDetails">Nov 28, 2012</span>
        </a>
    </dd>
    

    <dd class="portletFooter">
        <span class="portletBottomLeft"></span>
        <a href="http://www.fsf.org/news">
          More news&hellip;
        </a>
        <span class="portletBottomRight"></span>
    </dd>
    
</dl></div>

<div id="portletwrapper-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a6673662d626c6f67732d727373" class="portletWrapper kssattr-portlethash-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a6673662d626c6f67732d727373"><div class="portletStaticText portlet-static-fsf-blogs-rss"><p style="float: right;"><a href="/static/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml" title="Subscribe to an RSS feed of FSF blogs"><img src="/static/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="RSS feed" /></a></p></div>

</div>

<div id="portletwrapper-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a726563656e742d626c6f6773" class="portletWrapper kssattr-portlethash-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a726563656e742d626c6f6773"><dl class="portlet portletCollection portlet-collection-recent-blogs">

    <dt class="portletHeader">
        <span class="portletTopLeft"></span>
        <a href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/recent-blog-posts">
            <span>Recent blogs</span>
        </a>
        <span class="portletTopRight"></span>
    </dt>

    
    <dd class="portletItem odd">
        <a href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/announcing-status.fsf.org-our-new-home-for-microblogging" class="tile" title="StatusNet is free software microblogging, similar to Twitter but without requiring nonfree JavaScript or trust in a single Web site. Unlike Twitter, we don't all have to be using the same server to read each other's messages, making it function more like email. ">
            <img width="16" height="16" src="http://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/css/img/newsitem_icon.gif" alt="Blog Entry" />
            Announcing status.fsf.org: Our new home for microblogging
            
        </a>
    </dd>
    
    
    <dd class="portletItem even">
        <a href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/will-you-be-at-libreplanet-register-today-for-march-23-24" class="tile" title="We're excited to announce that registration is now open for LibrePlanet 2013: &quot;Commit Change.&quot;">
            <img width="16" height="16" src="http://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/css/img/newsitem_icon.gif" alt="Blog Entry" />
            Will you be at LibrePlanet? Register today for March 23-24
            
        </a>
    </dd>
    
    
    <dd class="portletItem odd">
        <a href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/join-the-fsf-and-friends-in-updating-the-free-software-directory-15" class="tile" title="">
            <img width="16" height="16" src="http://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/css/img/newsitem_icon.gif" alt="Blog Entry" />
            Join the FSF and friends in updating the Free Software Directory
            
        </a>
    </dd>
    
    
    <dd class="portletItem even">
        <a href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/fsf-licensing-team-what-we-did-in-2012-why-it-matters-for-2013" class="tile" title="Help us to continue to grow and expand the FSF licensing team.  ">
            <img width="16" height="16" src="http://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/css/img/newsitem_icon.gif" alt="Blog Entry" />
            FSF licensing team: What we did in 2012 &amp; why it matters for 2013
            
        </a>
    </dd>
    

    <dd class="portletFooter">
        <span class="portletBottomLeft"></span>
        <span>
        <a href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/recent-blog-posts">
            More&hellip;
        </a>
        </span>
        <span class="portletBottomRight"></span>
    </dd>

</dl>
</div>

<div id="portletwrapper-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a6673662d6576656e74732d727373" class="portletWrapper kssattr-portlethash-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a6673662d6576656e74732d727373"><div class="portletStaticText portlet-static-fsf-events-rss"><p style="float: right;"><a href="/static/fsforg/rss/events.xml" title="Subscribe to an RSS feed of FSF events"><img src="/static/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="RSS feed" /></a></p></div>

</div>

<div id="portletwrapper-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a6576656e7473" class="portletWrapper kssattr-portlethash-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a6576656e7473">
<dl class="portlet portletEvents">

    <dt class="portletHeader">
        <span class="portletTopLeft"></span>
        <a href="http://www.fsf.org/events" class="tile">
            Upcoming Events
        </a>
        <span class="portletTopRight"></span>
    </dt>

    
    <dd class="portletItem odd">
        <a href="http://www.fsf.org/events/20130310-leicester" class="tile" title="Leicester, United Kingdom - De Montfort University (Exact location to be determined.)">
            <img width="16" height="16" src="http://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/css/img/newsitem_icon.gif" alt="Event" />
            "A Free Digital Society"
        </a>
            <span class="portletItemDetails">
                
                <span>Mar 10, 2013 01:30 PM - 03:30 PM</span>
                
                <span> &mdash;
                    Leicester, United Kingdom
                </span>
            </span>
    </dd>
    
    
    <dd class="portletItem even">
        <a href="http://www.fsf.org/events/20130311-nottingham" class="tile" title="Nottingham, United Kingdom - B52 Business South, Jubilee Campus, The University of Nottingham">
            <img width="16" height="16" src="http://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/css/img/newsitem_icon.gif" alt="Event" />
            "Copyright vs. Community"
        </a>
            <span class="portletItemDetails">
                
                <span>Mar 11, 2013 07:00 PM - 09:00 PM</span>
                
                <span> &mdash;
                    Nottingham, United Kingdom
                </span>
            </span>
    </dd>
    

    <dd class="portletFooter">
        <a href="http://www.fsf.org/events/aggregator/previous" class="tile">
            <span>
                Previous events&hellip;
            </span>
        </a>
    </dd>

    <dd class="portletFooter">
        <a href="http://www.fsf.org/events" class="tile">
                Upcoming events&hellip;
        </a>
        <span class="portletBottomLeft"></span>
        <span class="portletBottomRight"></span>
    </dd>
</dl>

</div>

<div id="portletwrapper-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a737570706f72746572" class="portletWrapper kssattr-portlethash-706c6f6e652e7269676874636f6c756d6e0a636f6e746578740a2f6673660a737570706f72746572"><div class="portletStaticText portlet-static-supporter"><div style="text-align: center;">
<h5>Sign up</h5>
<form action="https://crm.fsf.org/civicrm/profile/create&amp;reset=1&amp;gid=31" method="post">
<p>Sign up today to receive the monthly newsletter, the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/free-software-supporter/">Free Software Supporter</a></p>

<p><small>Enter your email address (ie. matt@example.com)</small></p>

<p><input id="frmEmail" type="text" name="email-Primary" size="18" maxlength="80" /></p>
<p><input type="submit" name="_qf_Edit_next" value="Subscribe me" /></p>
<div><input name="postURL" type="hidden" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="group[25]" value="1" />
<input name="cancelURL" type="hidden" value="https://crm.fsf.org/civicrm/profile?reset=1&amp;gid=31" />
<input name="_qf_default" type="hidden" value="Edit:cancel" />
</div>
</form></div></div>

</div>




		        
		        &nbsp;
		      </div>
	      

	</aside>
	</div>



	</div></div>

	<div class="visualNoPrint" id="mission-statement">

	  <p class="c">The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom &mdash; <a href="/about">learn about our history and work.</a></p>

	</div>

	<div id="ft" class="visualNoPrint">
	<footer>
	<div id="ft-inner" class="custom-doc">

	<div id="copyright">
	 

	  <p class="c">Copyright &copy; 2004-2012 <a href="/about/contact.html" title="Find out how to contact us">Free
	Software Foundation, Inc</a>.</p>

	  <p>This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/">Creative
	  Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0 license (or later
	  version)</a> &mdash; <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OpinionLicenses">Why this license?</a>.</p> 

	</div>
	<div id="fsf-links-outer">
	<div class="yui-g visualNoPrint noMobile" id="fsf-links">
	<div>
    <nav>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-1">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip sitemap</a> or <a href="#sitemap-2">skip to licensing items</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="/about/">About</a>

        <ul>
       
          <li><a href="/about/staff-and-board">Staff and Board</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about/contact.html">Contact Us</a></li>
          
        </ul></li>
        <li><a href="/about/dmca-notice">Copyright Infringement Notification</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://weblabels.fsf.org/www.fsf.org/CURRENT/">JavaScript Licenses</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns">Campaigns</a>
        <ul>

        <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/">GNU Operating System</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/">Defective by Design</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://endsoftpatents.org/">End Software Patents</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://playogg.org/">PlayOgg &mdash; free media formats</a></li>

        <li><a href="http://libreplanet.org/">Connect with free software users</a></li>
      </ul></li>
      </ul>

    </div>

    <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-2">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-3">Skip to general items</a></p>

       <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing">Licensing</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing/education">Education</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/licenses">Licenses</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU GPL</a></li>

        <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html">GNU AGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU LGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU FDL</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html">Licensing FAQ</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/compliance">Compliance</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-howto.html">How to use GNU licenses for your own software</a></li></ul></li>

      </ul>

    
    </div>
    </div>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-3">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-4">Skip to philosophical items</a></p>
    
      <ul>

      <li><a href="/news/">Latest News</a><ul>
        <li><a href="/events/">Upcoming Events</a></li>
      <li><a href="/blogs/">FSF Blogs</a></li></ul></li>
      <li><a href="/volunteer">Volunteering and Internships</a></li>
      <li><a href="/resources/hw">Hardware Database</a></li>
      <li><a href="http://directory.fsf.org">Free Software Directory</a></li>

        <li><a href="/resources/">Free Software Resources</a></li>
      <li><a href="http://patron.fsf.org">Patrons</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/">Associate Members</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/account/">My Account</a></li>
      <li class="noright"><a href="/about/contact.html">Contact Us</a></li>
      </ul>

      
    </div>
        <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-4">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip list</a></p>

      <ul>
            <li><a href="http://donate.fsf.org">Donate to the FSF</a></li>
        <li><a href="/jfb">Join the FSF</a></li>

        <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">Philosophy</a><ul>
        <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">The Free Software Definition</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and Free Manuals</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling.html">Selling Free Software</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html">Motives for Writing Free Software</a></li>

        <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html">The Right To Read</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="/sitemap">Complete Sitemap</a></li>
      </ul>
      
    </div>
    </div>
</nav>

</div>
	</div>

	<p id="fsfs" class="c visualNoPrint noMobile"><small>The FSF also has sister organizations in <a href="http://www.fsffrance.org/index.en.html">France</a>, <a href="http://www.fsfla.org/">Latin America</a>, <a href="http://www.fsfeurope.org">Europe</a> and <a href="http://fsf.org.in/">India</a>.</small></p>

	</div>

	</div>




	</footer>
	</div>

	    <!--
	<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://web.resource.org/cc/"
		 xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
		 xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
	<Work rdf:about="http://www.fsf.org/">
	<dc:title>Free Software Foundation</dc:title>
	<dc:description>The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a nonprofit with a worldwide mission to promote computer user freedom and to defend the rights of all free software users.</dc:description>
	<license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/" />
	</Work>
	<License rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">
	</License>
	</rdf:RDF>
	-->

	<div class="c visualNoPrint noMobile" id="powered-by">

	<h5 class="netscape4">fsf.org is powered by:</h5>

	<ul>
	<li id="powered-by-plone"><a href="http://plone.org" title="Plone Powered">Plone</a></li>
	<li id="powered-by-zope"><a href="http://zope.org" title="Powered by Zope">Zope</a></li>
	<li id="powered-by-python"><a href="http://python.org" title="Powered by Python">Python</a></li>
	<li id="powered-by-civicrm"><a href="http://civicrm.org" title="Powered by CiviCRM">CiviCRM</a></li>
	<li id="powered-by-html5"><a href="http://www.w3.org/html">HTML5</a></li>
	</ul>

	</div>

       
        <form class="c" action="./" method="get" id="choose-language">
<p><select name="set_language">
  <option value="ar">Arabic</option>
  <option value="be">Belarussian</option>
  <option value="bg">Bulgarian</option>
  <option value="ca">Catalan</option>
  <option value="zh">Chinese</option>
  <option value="kw">Cornish</option>
  <option value="cs">Czech</option>
  <option value="da">Danish</option>
  <option value="en" selected="selected">English</option>
  <option value="fr">French</option>
  <option value="de">German</option>
  <option value="el">Greek</option>
  <option value="he">Hebrew</option>
  <option value="hi">Hindi</option>
  <option value="it">Italian</option>
  <option value="ja">Japanese</option>
  <option value="ko">Korean</option>
  <option value="no">Norwegian</option>
  <option value="pl">Polish</option>
  <option value="pt">Portuguese</option>
  <option value="pt-br">Portuguese (Brazil)</option>
  <option value="ro">Romanian</option>
  <option value="ru">Russian</option>
  <option value="sk">Slovak</option>
  <option value="es">Spanish</option>
  <option value="sv">Swedish</option>
  <option value="tr">Turkish</option>
  <option value="ur">Urdu</option>
  <option value="cy">Welsh</option>
</select> &nbsp; <input type="submit" value="Select language"></p>
<p><small>Send your feedback on our translations and new translations of pages to <a href="mailto:campaigns@fsf.org">campaigns@fsf.org</a>.</small></p>
</form>

	</div> 
<script>
/*
The only JavaScript code we have right now is the piwik statistics

|@licstart The following is the entire license notice for the
JavaScript code in this page.|

    Copyright 2012 Matthieu Aubry.

    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program.  If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

|@licend The above is the entire license notice
for the JavaScript code in this page.|
*/
</script>
<!-- Piwik -->
<script type="text/javascript">
var pkBaseURL = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://piwik.fsf.org/" : "http://piwik.fsf.org/");
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + pkBaseURL + "piwik.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
</script><script type="text/javascript">
try {
var piwikTracker = Piwik.getTracker(pkBaseURL + "piwik.php", 5);
piwikTracker.trackPageView();
piwikTracker.enableLinkTracking();
} catch( err ) {}
</script><noscript><p><img src="//piwik.fsf.org/piwik.php?idsite=5" style="border:0" alt="" /></p></noscript>
<!-- End Piwik Tracking Code -->



	</body>
	</html>

	


log:
--------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 26

-----------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 59

----------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 278 and a
  Line: 278
  Column: 34

-----------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: br line 280 and strong
  Line: 280
  Column: 65

-----------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: strong line 280 and p
  Line: 281
  Column: 53

----------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 280 and td
  Line: 281
  Column: 58

---------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 278 and tr
  Line: 281
  Column: 63

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: td line 276 and table
  Line: 282
  Column: 10

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: tr line 275 and div
  Line: 282
  Column: 16

--------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 68: xmlParseEntityRef: no name
  Line: 300
  Column: 38

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 318 and form
  Line: 323
  Column: 16

-------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 316 and div
  Line: 324
  Column: 13

-----------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 357
  Column: 17

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 359 and a
  Line: 361
  Column: 11

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 358 and h2
  Line: 362
  Column: 10

-------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 383
  Column: 19

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 385 and a
  Line: 386
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 384 and h2
  Line: 387
  Column: 6

---------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 445
  Column: 15

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 447 and a
  Line: 448
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 446 and h2
  Line: 449
  Column: 6

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 444 and div
  Line: 458
  Column: 7

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 382 and div
  Line: 461
  Column: 7

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 356 and article
  Line: 463
  Column: 11

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: table line 274 and div
  Line: 474
  Column: 7

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 477
  Column: 92

------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'copy' not defined
  Line: 483
  Column: 30

-------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 487
  Column: 25

-------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 648
  Column: 13

------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 648 and p
  Line: 648
  Column: 36

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 618 and form
  Line: 650
  Column: 10

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 23: EntityRef: expecting ';'
  Line: 661
  Column: 84

---------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 617 and div
  Line: 673
  Column: 9

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 260 and body
  Line: 673
  Column: 16

--------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 255 and html
  Line: 674
  Column: 8

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag article line 253
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 243
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 241
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 240
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 174
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag body line 154
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag html line 3
  Line: 675
  Column: 1


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

    
    
    
    

<head>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
	<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="FSF, Free Software Foundation, Free Software, Libre Software" />
	<meta http-equiv="Description" content="The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom." />
	

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />

<base href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-foundation" /><!--[if lt IE 7]></base><![endif]-->


<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=0.6666; maximum-scale=1.0; minimum-scale=0.6666" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />


<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />
<title>Front Page &mdash; Free Software Foundation &mdash; working together for free software</title>




  <style type="text/css">
  .portlet-static-supporter,.portlet-static-appeal-portlet /*{display: 
none !important;}*/
  
  #breadcrumbs-you-are-here {display: none !important;}
  #fsf-sidebar {margin-top: 10px;}
  table, td, tr, tbody, thead{border: 0 !important;}
  
  ul.section-links a:link {
    color:black;
    text-decoration:none;
  }
  
  ul.section-links a:hover {
    color:#7f8c8d;
    text-decoration:underline;
  }
  
  ul.section-links > li:last-child {
    list-style-type: none;
  }
  
  input.form{
    padding: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-left-style: solid;
    border-right-style: solid;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-color: #CFD2D4;
    display: normal;
    margin-top: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    margin-left: 5px;
    margin-right: 5px;
  }
  
  input.form:focus
  {
    border-color: #e67e22;
    outline: 1;
    -webkit-box-shadow: none;
    box-shadow: none;
  }
  
  input.action-button
  {
    background-color: #c0392b;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 5px;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;
    border-top-left-radius: 5px;
    border-top-right-radius: 5px;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 16px;
    border-left-style: none;
    border-right-style: none;
    border-top-style: none;
  }
  
  h2.section-header{
    border-top-color:#e74c3c;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-width: 4px;
    color:#e74c3c;
    font-size: 20px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    padding-top: 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  
  /**
  * Nav bar should be at least as wide as the rest of the content
  * specified by the custom-doc class
  */
  #fsf-nav {
    min-width: 74.923em;
  }
  </style>





<link rel="copyright" title="Copyright information" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/rdf" />
<link rel="author" title="Author information" href="http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone3/css/print-2011-10-13.css" />
<style type="text/css" media="screen"> @import url('//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone4/css/fsf-2017-11-13.css');</style>
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF News" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/news.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Events" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/events.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Blogs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="Free Software Jobs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/jobs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="GNU Project News" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />






<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<style type="text/css">
	#breadcrumbs-you-are-here,
	#breadcrumbs-home,
	#breadcrumbs-current,
	#breadcrumbs-1 {
		display: none;
	}
	.GNUreleases{
		background-color: #ffffe3;
		border: 1px solid #000000;
		color: Black;
		font-weight: bold;
		width: 200px;
		padding: 10px;
	}
	#portal-languageselector {display: block; position: absolute !important; bottom: 1px; left: 1px;}
	.navi {
		margin-top: 0px;
	}

</style>
</head>
<body dir="ltr" class="template-frontpage_view portaltype-document site-fsf section-free-software-foundation icons-on userrole-anonymous">

<!-- This is where banners go -->

<!--
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/libreplanet/libreplanet-banner.html" width="100%" height="70" align="center"
    frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="margin-bottom: 25px;">
  </iframe>

    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2017fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; border: 0 none;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018libreplanet/" width="100%" height="91px" scrolling="no" style="min-width: 730px; overflow: hidden; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static1p.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-spring/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-fall/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
-->

            <!-- FSF MODAL WINDOW GOES HERE -->



<div id="coolio">
	<p class="onlyMobile"><a tabindex="1" href="#content">Skip to content</a>, <a tabindex="2" href="/sitemap#content">sitemap</a> or <a tabindex="3" href="/search_form#content">skip to search</a>.</p>
	<div id="hd" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 6px;" class="custom-doc visualNoPrint">
		<header>

			
			<a href="/">
				<img id="fsf-logo" style="position: absolute; bottom: 0px;" src="//static.fsf.org/common/img/logo-new.png" />
			</a>
			<div id="portal-personaltools-wrapper">

<div id="fsf-custom">

<h5 class="hiddenStructure">Personal tools</h5>

<ul id="portal-personaltools">
  

    
    <li>
       <a href="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/member-dashboard" id="personaltools-login">Log in</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="http://www.fsf.org/help-menu" id="personaltools-login-problems">Help!</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/about-the-members-forum" id="personaltools-forum-promo">Members forum</a>
  </li>
    

</ul>
</div>
</div>
			<a href="http://fsf.org/jfb">
				<img id="join-button" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/join.en.png" alt="Join now" style="float: right;" />
			</a>
		</header>
	</div>
	<div class="yui-g" id="fsf-nav">
		<div class="navi">
<div>
<div class="custom-doc">

<nav>
<ul class="main-nav navigation">
<li><a href="/about/" title="">About</a></li>
<li><a href="/campaigns/" title="">Campaigns</a></li>
<li><a href="/licensing/" title="">Licensing</a></li>
<li><a href="/associate/" title="">Membership</a></li>
<li><a href="/resources/" title="">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="/community/" title="">Community</a></li>
<li><a href="/donate/" title="">Donate</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shop.fsf.org/" title="">Shop</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>

</div>
</div>
</div>
	</div>


	<div class="custom-doc yui-t5">
		<div id="portal-column-content" class="cell width-3:4 position-0">
			
			<div class="">
			
			

    <dl class="portalMessage info" id="kssPortalMessage" style="display:none">
        <dt>Info</dt>
        <dd></dd>
    </dl>


			<article>
				
				<div id="content">
					
				


<div style="font-size:14px; text-align: left">
  
  <p style="padding: 10px 10px 7px 10px;	margin-bottom: 10px; 
font-weight: bold;	font-size: 16pt;">The Free Software Foundation 
(FSF) is a nonprofit with a worldwide mission to promote computer user 
freedom. We defend the rights of all software users. <a href="https://www.fsf.org/about/"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Read more.</span></a>
  </p>
  
<!-- <div style="background-color: #ecf0f1; text-align: center; 
margin-bottom: 15px; font-size: 14pt;"><p><b>We are hiring!</b> See our listing for an <a
href="resources/jobs/fsf-job-opportunity-outreach-communications-coordinator">Outreach & Communications Coordinator</a>.</p>
 </div>-->

<div style="float: left; width: 50%;">    
  <table cellspacing="20">
	<tr>
	  <td align="center" valign="center">

<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes"><img src="https://static.fsf.org/nosvn/libreplanet/2020/raffle.png" width="400" style="margin-top:1px;"></a> 

<p><strong><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes">LibrePlanet 2020 Member Drive.</a><br></strong>
Encourage others to join the FSF and win prizes!</p></td></tr>
</table></div> 
        <div style="margin-left: 530px">
        <p style="float: left;">Free software developers guarantee
 everyone equal rights to their programs; any user can study the source 
code, modify it, and share the program. By contrast, most software 
carries fine print that denies users these basic rights, leaving them 
susceptible to the whims of its owners and vulnerable to 
surveillance.</p>
        
        <ul style="float: left;">
          <li>The FSF provides critical infrastructure and funding
 for the <a href="https://gnu.org">GNU Project</a>, the 
foundation of the popular GNU/Linux family of free operating systems and
 the keystone of the Internet.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns">Campaigns Team</a> creates
 educational materials about free software, convenes the yearly <a href="https://libreplanet.org/conference">LibrePlanet 
conference</a> and goes toe to toe against powerful interests that
 threaten computer user rights.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/licensing">Licensing & Compliance 
Lab</a> defends freely licensed software from proprietary 
hoarding, advises on licensing issues, and certifies devices that <a href="https://www.fsf.org/ryf">Respect Your 
Freedom</a>.</li>
        </ul>
        <p style="float: left;"><strong>With your support, 
we've done these things for more than 30 years. Help sustain us for many more; <a href="https://fsf.org/jfb">please become a member 
today</a>.</strong></p>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-container">  
        <div class="search-box">
          <p class="search-description">
            Subscribe to our monthly newsletter, the <a href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-supporter/">Free Software 
Supporter</a>:
          </p>
          <form action="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile/create?reset=1&amp;gid=31" method="post">
          <input type="text" placeholder="Email address" name="email-Primary" size="25" maxlength="80" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Sign up" name="_qf_Edit_next">
          <input name="postURL" type="hidden" value="" />
          <input type="hidden" name="group[25]" value="1" />
          <input name="cancelURL" type="hidden" value="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile?reset=1&amp;gid=31" />
          <input name="_qf_default" type="hidden" value="Edit:cancel" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Search the FSF's Web site:
        </p>
        <form id="sidesearch" name="searchform" action="/search">
          <input name="SearchableText" type="text" size="25" title="Search Site" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Search" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Looking for free software?
        </p>
        <form action="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki">
          <input autocomplete="off" name="search" type="text" size="25" />
          <input class="action-button" name="go" value="Search" type="submit" />
          <input name="title" value="Special:Search" type="hidden" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
    </div>
    
    <blockquote>"I’ve spent a third of my life building software 
based on Stallman’s <a href="https://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">four 
freedoms</a>, and I’ve been astonished by the results. WordPress 
wouldn’t be here if it weren’t for those freedoms, and it couldn’t have 
evolved the way it has." - <a href="/working-together/profiles/matt-mullenweg">Matt 
Mullenweg</a>, co-founder of WordPress</blockquote>
    
    <h2 class="section-header">
      News&nbsp;
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/news.xml">
        <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="News 
RSS subscription button">
      </a>
    </h2>
    <ul class="section-links">
    <!-- Add static news links here -->
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-targets-microsofts-smart-assistant-in-new-campaign">Free Software Foundation targets Microsoft's smart assistant in new   campaign</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/lets-encrypt-jim-meyering-and-clarissa-lima-borges-receive-fsfs-2019-free-software-awards">Let's Encrypt, Jim Meyering, and Clarissa Lima Borges receive FSF's 2019 Free Software Awards</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/young-hackers-to-deliver-opening-keynote-for-libreplanet-conference">Young hackers to deliver opening keynote for LibrePlanet conference</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/environmental-activist-shannon-dosemagen-joins-fsf-conference-keynote-lineup">Environmental activist Shannon Dosemagen joins FSF conference keynote lineup</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    » <a href="/news">More news</a>
  </li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Blog Posts&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Blog Posts RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static blog post links here -->
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/microsoft-build-same-old-recycled-stuff-no-upcycling">Microsoft Build: Same old recycled stuff, no upcycling</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/remote-education-does-not-require-giving-up-rights-to-freedom-and-privacy">Remote education does not require giving up rights to freedom and privacy</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/libreplanet-2020-audio-now-available-online">A new way to enjoy LibrePlanet 2020 sessions: Podcast format</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/a-roundup-of-recent-updates-to-our-licensing-materials-november-2019-to-april-2020">A roundup of recent updates to our licensing materials: November 2019 to April 2020</a>
</li>
<li>
  » <a href="/blogs">More blog posts</a>
</li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Take Action</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes">
Participate in the virtual LibrePlanet raffle!
</a></li>
<li>
<a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:FSF_Community_Team">
Get involved: join the FSF Community Team!
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/hackers-and-hospitals-how-you-can-help">
HACKERS and HOSPITALS: Help to fight COVID-19 with free software</a></li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/surveillance">
      Protect your freedom and privacy; join us in creating an Internet 
that's safer from surveillance
    </a>
  </li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/working-together/moving">Make the switch to free software</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Bulletin</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/building-ethical-software-based-on-the-four-freedoms">
Building ethical software based on the four freedoms
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/the-respects-your-freedom-ryf-certification-process">
The Respects Your Freedom (RYF) certification process
</a>
</li>
<li>» <a href="https://fsf.org/bulletin/">Past Bulletin issues</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Events&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/events.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Events RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static event links here -->
<li>
  » <a href="/events">More events</a>
</li>
</ul>

</div>


</div>

</article>

</div>

<div id="viewlet-below-content">





</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="visualNoPrint" id="mission-statement">
	<p class="c">The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom &mdash; <a href="/about">learn about our history and work.</a></p>
</div>
<div id="ft" class="visualNoPrint">
	<footer>
		<div id="ft-inner" class="custom-doc">
			<div id="copyright">
				<p class="c">Copyright &copy; 2004-2020 <a href="/about/contact.html" title="Find out how to contact us">Free
					Software Foundation</a>, Inc. <a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a>.</p>
					<p>This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/">Creative
						Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0 license (or later
						version)</a> &mdash; <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OpinionLicenses">Why this license?</a></p>
					</div>
					<div id="fsf-links-outer">
						<div class="yui-g visualNoPrint noMobile" id="fsf-links">
							<div>
    <nav>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-1">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip sitemap</a> or <a href="#sitemap-2">skip to licensing items</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="/about/">About</a>

        <ul>
       
          <li><a href="/about/staff-and-board">Staff and Board</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about/contact.html">Contact Us</a></li>
          <li><a href="/press">Press Information</a></li>
          <li><a href="/resources/jobs">Jobs</a></li>
          <li><a href="/volunteer">Volunteering and Internships</a></li>
          
        </ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://weblabels.fsf.org/www.fsf.org/CURRENT/" rel="jslicense">JavaScript Licenses</a></li>
        <li><a href="/resources/hw">Hardware Database</a></li>
      <li><a href="http://directory.fsf.org">Free Software Directory</a></li>

        <li><a href="/resources/">Free Software Resources</a></li>
        <li><a href="/about/dmca-notice">Copyright Infringement Notification</a></li>
      </ul>

    </div>

    <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-2">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-3">Skip to general items</a></p>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns">Campaigns</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/priority-projects/">High Priority Free Software Projects</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/freejs/">Free JavaScript</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/campaigns/secure-boot-vs-restricted-boot/">Secure Boot vs Restricted Boot</a></li>
        <li><a href="/windows/">Upgrade from Windows</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/surveillance/">Surveillance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/">GNU Operating System</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://defectivebydesign.org/">Defective by Design</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://endsoftpatents.org/">End Software Patents</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/opendocument/">OpenDocument</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/free-bios.html">Free BIOS</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://libreplanet.org/">Connect with free software users</a></li>
      </ul></li></ul>

    
    </div>
    </div>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-3">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-4">Skip to philosophical items</a></p>
           <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing">Licensing</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing/education">Education</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/licenses">Licenses</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU GPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html">GNU AGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU LGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU FDL</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html">Licensing FAQ</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/compliance">Compliance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-howto.html">How to use GNU licenses for your own software</a></li></ul></li>

      </ul>

      <ul>

      <li><a href="/news/">Latest News</a><ul>
        <li><a href="/events/">Upcoming Events</a></li>
      <li><a href="/blogs/">FSF Blogs</a></li></ul></li>
      
      </ul>

      
    </div>
        <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-4">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip list</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="http://donate.fsf.org">Donate to the FSF</a></li>
        <li><a href="/jfb">Join the FSF</a></li>
      <li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/patrons">Patrons</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/">Associate Members</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/account/">My Account</a></li>
      <li><a href="/working-together/fund">Working Together for Free Software Fund</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">Philosophy</a><ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">The Free Software Definition</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and Free Manuals</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling.html">Selling Free Software</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html">Motives for Writing Free Software</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html">The Right To Read</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="/sitemap">Complete Sitemap</a></li>
      </ul>
      
    </div>
    </div>
</nav>

</div>
						</div>
					</div>
				</div>
			</footer>
		</div>
		<div class="c visualNoPrint noMobile" id="powered-by">
			<h5 class="netscape4">fsf.org is powered by:</h5>
			<ul>
				<li id="powered-by-plone"><a href="http://plone.org" title="Plone Powered">Plone</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-zope"><a href="http://zope.org" title="Powered by Zope">Zope</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-python"><a href="http://python.org" title="Powered by Python">Python</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-civicrm"><a href="http://civicrm.org" title="Powered by CiviCRM">CiviCRM</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-html5"><a href="http://www.w3.org/html">HTML5</a></li>
			</ul>
		</div>
		<form class="c" action="./" method="get" id="choose-language">
			<p><select name="set_language">
				<option value="ar">Arabic</option>
				<option value="be">Belarussian</option>
				<option value="bg">Bulgarian</option>
				<option value="ca">Catalan</option>
				<option value="zh">Chinese</option>
				<option value="kw">Cornish</option>
				<option value="cs">Czech</option>
				<option value="da">Danish</option>
				<option value="en" selected="selected">English</option>
				<option value="fr">French</option>
				<option value="de">German</option>
				<option value="el">Greek</option>
				<option value="he">Hebrew</option>
				<option value="hi">Hindi</option>
				<option value="it">Italian</option>
				<option value="ja">Japanese</option>
				<option value="ko">Korean</option>
				<option value="no">Norwegian</option>
				<option value="pl">Polish</option>
				<option value="pt">Portuguese</option>
				<option value="pt-br">Portuguese (Brazil)</option>
				<option value="ro">Romanian</option>
				<option value="ru">Russian</option>
				<option value="sk">Slovak</option>
				<option value="es">Spanish</option>
				<option value="sv">Swedish</option>
				<option value="tr">Turkish</option>
				<option value="ur">Urdu</option>
				<option value="cy">Welsh</option>
			</select> &nbsp; <input type="submit" value="Select language"></p>
			<p><small>Send your feedback on our translations and new translations of pages to <a href="mailto:campaigns@fsf.org">campaigns@fsf.org</a>.</small></p>
		</form>
<div style="width:100%;"><center>
      <span style="color:#fff;text-align:right;">1PC9aZC4hNX2rmmrt7uHTfYAS3hRbph4UN</span>
</center>
<div>
	</div>
	<script>
	</script>

        <!-- Piwik -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
        // @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:c80d50af7d3db9be66a4d0a86db0286e4fd33292&dn=bsd-3-clause.txt BSD-3-Clause
                var pkBaseURL = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://piwik.fsf.org/" : "http://piwik.fsf.org/");
                document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + pkBaseURL + "piwik.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
        try {
                var piwikTracker = Piwik.getTracker(pkBaseURL + "piwik.php", 5);
                piwikTracker.trackPageView();
                piwikTracker.enableLinkTracking();
        } catch( err ) {}
        // @license-end
</script><noscript><p><img src="//piwik.fsf.org/piwik.php?idsite=5" style="border:0" alt="" /></p></noscript>
<!-- End Piwik Tracking Code -->

</div></div></body>
</html>


log:
--------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 26

-----------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 59

----------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 278 and a
  Line: 278
  Column: 34

-----------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: br line 280 and strong
  Line: 280
  Column: 65

-----------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: strong line 280 and p
  Line: 281
  Column: 53

----------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 280 and td
  Line: 281
  Column: 58

---------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 278 and tr
  Line: 281
  Column: 63

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: td line 276 and table
  Line: 282
  Column: 10

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: tr line 275 and div
  Line: 282
  Column: 16

--------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 68: xmlParseEntityRef: no name
  Line: 300
  Column: 38

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 318 and form
  Line: 323
  Column: 16

-------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 316 and div
  Line: 324
  Column: 13

-----------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 357
  Column: 17

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 359 and a
  Line: 361
  Column: 11

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 358 and h2
  Line: 362
  Column: 10

-------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 383
  Column: 19

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 385 and a
  Line: 386
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 384 and h2
  Line: 387
  Column: 6

---------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 445
  Column: 15

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 447 and a
  Line: 448
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 446 and h2
  Line: 449
  Column: 6

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 444 and div
  Line: 458
  Column: 7

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 382 and div
  Line: 461
  Column: 7

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 356 and article
  Line: 463
  Column: 11

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: table line 274 and div
  Line: 474
  Column: 7

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 477
  Column: 92

------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'copy' not defined
  Line: 483
  Column: 30

-------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 487
  Column: 25

-------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 648
  Column: 13

------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 648 and p
  Line: 648
  Column: 36

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 618 and form
  Line: 650
  Column: 10

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 23: EntityRef: expecting ';'
  Line: 661
  Column: 84

---------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 617 and div
  Line: 673
  Column: 9

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 260 and body
  Line: 673
  Column: 16

--------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 255 and html
  Line: 674
  Column: 8

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag article line 253
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 243
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 241
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 240
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 174
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag body line 154
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag html line 3
  Line: 675
  Column: 1


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

    
    
    
    

<head>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
	<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="FSF, Free Software Foundation, Free Software, Libre Software" />
	<meta http-equiv="Description" content="The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom." />
	

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />

<base href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-foundation" /><!--[if lt IE 7]></base><![endif]-->


<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=0.6666; maximum-scale=1.0; minimum-scale=0.6666" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />


<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />
<title>Front Page &mdash; Free Software Foundation &mdash; working together for free software</title>




  <style type="text/css">
  .portlet-static-supporter,.portlet-static-appeal-portlet /*{display: 
none !important;}*/
  
  #breadcrumbs-you-are-here {display: none !important;}
  #fsf-sidebar {margin-top: 10px;}
  table, td, tr, tbody, thead{border: 0 !important;}
  
  ul.section-links a:link {
    color:black;
    text-decoration:none;
  }
  
  ul.section-links a:hover {
    color:#7f8c8d;
    text-decoration:underline;
  }
  
  ul.section-links > li:last-child {
    list-style-type: none;
  }
  
  input.form{
    padding: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-left-style: solid;
    border-right-style: solid;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-color: #CFD2D4;
    display: normal;
    margin-top: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    margin-left: 5px;
    margin-right: 5px;
  }
  
  input.form:focus
  {
    border-color: #e67e22;
    outline: 1;
    -webkit-box-shadow: none;
    box-shadow: none;
  }
  
  input.action-button
  {
    background-color: #c0392b;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 5px;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;
    border-top-left-radius: 5px;
    border-top-right-radius: 5px;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 16px;
    border-left-style: none;
    border-right-style: none;
    border-top-style: none;
  }
  
  h2.section-header{
    border-top-color:#e74c3c;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-width: 4px;
    color:#e74c3c;
    font-size: 20px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    padding-top: 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  
  /**
  * Nav bar should be at least as wide as the rest of the content
  * specified by the custom-doc class
  */
  #fsf-nav {
    min-width: 74.923em;
  }
  </style>





<link rel="copyright" title="Copyright information" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/rdf" />
<link rel="author" title="Author information" href="http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone3/css/print-2011-10-13.css" />
<style type="text/css" media="screen"> @import url('//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone4/css/fsf-2017-11-13.css');</style>
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF News" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/news.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Events" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/events.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Blogs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="Free Software Jobs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/jobs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="GNU Project News" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />






<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<style type="text/css">
	#breadcrumbs-you-are-here,
	#breadcrumbs-home,
	#breadcrumbs-current,
	#breadcrumbs-1 {
		display: none;
	}
	.GNUreleases{
		background-color: #ffffe3;
		border: 1px solid #000000;
		color: Black;
		font-weight: bold;
		width: 200px;
		padding: 10px;
	}
	#portal-languageselector {display: block; position: absolute !important; bottom: 1px; left: 1px;}
	.navi {
		margin-top: 0px;
	}

</style>
</head>
<body class="template-frontpage_view portaltype-document site-fsf section-free-software-foundation icons-on userrole-anonymous" dir="ltr">

<!-- This is where banners go -->

<!--
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/libreplanet/libreplanet-banner.html" width="100%" height="70" align="center"
    frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="margin-bottom: 25px;">
  </iframe>

    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2017fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; border: 0 none;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018libreplanet/" width="100%" height="91px" scrolling="no" style="min-width: 730px; overflow: hidden; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static1p.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-spring/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-fall/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
-->

            <!-- FSF MODAL WINDOW GOES HERE -->



<div id="coolio">
	<p class="onlyMobile"><a tabindex="1" href="#content">Skip to content</a>, <a tabindex="2" href="/sitemap#content">sitemap</a> or <a tabindex="3" href="/search_form#content">skip to search</a>.</p>
	<div id="hd" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 6px;" class="custom-doc visualNoPrint">
		<header>

			
			<a href="/">
				<img id="fsf-logo" style="position: absolute; bottom: 0px;" src="//static.fsf.org/common/img/logo-new.png" />
			</a>
			<div id="portal-personaltools-wrapper">

<div id="fsf-custom">

<h5 class="hiddenStructure">Personal tools</h5>

<ul id="portal-personaltools">
  

    
    <li>
       <a href="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/member-dashboard" id="personaltools-login">Log in</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="http://www.fsf.org/help-menu" id="personaltools-login-problems">Help!</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/about-the-members-forum" id="personaltools-forum-promo">Members forum</a>
  </li>
    

</ul>
</div>
</div>
			<a href="http://fsf.org/jfb">
				<img id="join-button" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/join.en.png" alt="Join now" style="float: right;" />
			</a>
		</header>
	</div>
	<div class="yui-g" id="fsf-nav">
		<div class="navi">
<div>
<div class="custom-doc">

<nav>
<ul class="main-nav navigation">
<li><a href="/about/" title="">About</a></li>
<li><a href="/campaigns/" title="">Campaigns</a></li>
<li><a href="/licensing/" title="">Licensing</a></li>
<li><a href="/associate/" title="">Membership</a></li>
<li><a href="/resources/" title="">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="/community/" title="">Community</a></li>
<li><a href="/donate/" title="">Donate</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shop.fsf.org/" title="">Shop</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>

</div>
</div>
</div>
	</div>


	<div class="custom-doc yui-t5">
		<div id="portal-column-content" class="cell width-3:4 position-0">
			
			<div class="">
			
			

    <dl class="portalMessage info" id="kssPortalMessage" style="display:none">
        <dt>Info</dt>
        <dd></dd>
    </dl>


			<article>
				
				<div id="content">
					
				


<div style="font-size:14px; text-align: left">
  
  <p style="padding: 10px 10px 7px 10px;	margin-bottom: 10px; 
font-weight: bold;	font-size: 16pt;">The Free Software Foundation 
(FSF) is a nonprofit with a worldwide mission to promote computer user 
freedom. We defend the rights of all software users. <a href="https://www.fsf.org/about/"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Read more.</span></a>
  </p>
  
<!-- <div style="background-color: #ecf0f1; text-align: center; 
margin-bottom: 15px; font-size: 14pt;"><p><b>We are hiring!</b> See our listing for an <a
href="resources/jobs/fsf-job-opportunity-outreach-communications-coordinator">Outreach & Communications Coordinator</a>.</p>
 </div>-->

<div style="float: left; width: 50%;">    
  <table cellspacing="20">
	<tr>
	  <td align="center" valign="center">

<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes"><img src="https://static.fsf.org/nosvn/libreplanet/2020/raffle.png" width="400" style="margin-top:1px;"></a> 

<p><strong><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes">LibrePlanet 2020 Member Drive.</a><br></strong>
Encourage others to join the FSF and win prizes!</p></td></tr>
</table></div> 
        <div style="margin-left: 530px">
        <p style="float: left;">Free software developers guarantee
 everyone equal rights to their programs; any user can study the source 
code, modify it, and share the program. By contrast, most software 
carries fine print that denies users these basic rights, leaving them 
susceptible to the whims of its owners and vulnerable to 
surveillance.</p>
        
        <ul style="float: left;">
          <li>The FSF provides critical infrastructure and funding
 for the <a href="https://gnu.org">GNU Project</a>, the 
foundation of the popular GNU/Linux family of free operating systems and
 the keystone of the Internet.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns">Campaigns Team</a> creates
 educational materials about free software, convenes the yearly <a href="https://libreplanet.org/conference">LibrePlanet 
conference</a> and goes toe to toe against powerful interests that
 threaten computer user rights.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/licensing">Licensing & Compliance 
Lab</a> defends freely licensed software from proprietary 
hoarding, advises on licensing issues, and certifies devices that <a href="https://www.fsf.org/ryf">Respect Your 
Freedom</a>.</li>
        </ul>
        <p style="float: left;"><strong>With your support, 
we've done these things for more than 30 years. Help sustain us for many more; <a href="https://fsf.org/jfb">please become a member 
today</a>.</strong></p>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-container">  
        <div class="search-box">
          <p class="search-description">
            Subscribe to our monthly newsletter, the <a href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-supporter/">Free Software 
Supporter</a>:
          </p>
          <form action="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile/create?reset=1&amp;gid=31" method="post">
          <input type="text" placeholder="Email address" name="email-Primary" size="25" maxlength="80" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Sign up" name="_qf_Edit_next">
          <input name="postURL" type="hidden" value="" />
          <input type="hidden" name="group[25]" value="1" />
          <input name="cancelURL" type="hidden" value="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile?reset=1&amp;gid=31" />
          <input name="_qf_default" type="hidden" value="Edit:cancel" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Search the FSF's Web site:
        </p>
        <form id="sidesearch" name="searchform" action="/search">
          <input name="SearchableText" type="text" size="25" title="Search Site" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Search" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Looking for free software?
        </p>
        <form action="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki">
          <input autocomplete="off" name="search" type="text" size="25" />
          <input class="action-button" name="go" value="Search" type="submit" />
          <input name="title" value="Special:Search" type="hidden" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
    </div>
    
    <blockquote>"I’ve spent a third of my life building software 
based on Stallman’s <a href="https://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">four 
freedoms</a>, and I’ve been astonished by the results. WordPress 
wouldn’t be here if it weren’t for those freedoms, and it couldn’t have 
evolved the way it has." - <a href="/working-together/profiles/matt-mullenweg">Matt 
Mullenweg</a>, co-founder of WordPress</blockquote>
    
    <h2 class="section-header">
      News&nbsp;
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/news.xml">
        <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="News 
RSS subscription button">
      </a>
    </h2>
    <ul class="section-links">
    <!-- Add static news links here -->
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-targets-microsofts-smart-assistant-in-new-campaign">Free Software Foundation targets Microsoft's smart assistant in new   campaign</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/lets-encrypt-jim-meyering-and-clarissa-lima-borges-receive-fsfs-2019-free-software-awards">Let's Encrypt, Jim Meyering, and Clarissa Lima Borges receive FSF's 2019 Free Software Awards</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/young-hackers-to-deliver-opening-keynote-for-libreplanet-conference">Young hackers to deliver opening keynote for LibrePlanet conference</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/environmental-activist-shannon-dosemagen-joins-fsf-conference-keynote-lineup">Environmental activist Shannon Dosemagen joins FSF conference keynote lineup</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    » <a href="/news">More news</a>
  </li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Blog Posts&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Blog Posts RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static blog post links here -->
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/microsoft-build-same-old-recycled-stuff-no-upcycling">Microsoft Build: Same old recycled stuff, no upcycling</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/remote-education-does-not-require-giving-up-rights-to-freedom-and-privacy">Remote education does not require giving up rights to freedom and privacy</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/libreplanet-2020-audio-now-available-online">A new way to enjoy LibrePlanet 2020 sessions: Podcast format</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/a-roundup-of-recent-updates-to-our-licensing-materials-november-2019-to-april-2020">A roundup of recent updates to our licensing materials: November 2019 to April 2020</a>
</li>
<li>
  » <a href="/blogs">More blog posts</a>
</li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Take Action</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes">
Participate in the virtual LibrePlanet raffle!
</a></li>
<li>
<a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:FSF_Community_Team">
Get involved: join the FSF Community Team!
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/hackers-and-hospitals-how-you-can-help">
HACKERS and HOSPITALS: Help to fight COVID-19 with free software</a></li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/surveillance">
      Protect your freedom and privacy; join us in creating an Internet 
that's safer from surveillance
    </a>
  </li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/working-together/moving">Make the switch to free software</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Bulletin</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/building-ethical-software-based-on-the-four-freedoms">
Building ethical software based on the four freedoms
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/the-respects-your-freedom-ryf-certification-process">
The Respects Your Freedom (RYF) certification process
</a>
</li>
<li>» <a href="https://fsf.org/bulletin/">Past Bulletin issues</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Events&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/events.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Events RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static event links here -->
<li>
  » <a href="/events">More events</a>
</li>
</ul>

</div>


</div>

</article>

</div>

<div id="viewlet-below-content">





</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="visualNoPrint" id="mission-statement">
	<p class="c">The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom &mdash; <a href="/about">learn about our history and work.</a></p>
</div>
<div id="ft" class="visualNoPrint">
	<footer>
		<div id="ft-inner" class="custom-doc">
			<div id="copyright">
				<p class="c">Copyright &copy; 2004-2020 <a href="/about/contact.html" title="Find out how to contact us">Free
					Software Foundation</a>, Inc. <a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a>.</p>
					<p>This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/">Creative
						Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0 license (or later
						version)</a> &mdash; <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OpinionLicenses">Why this license?</a></p>
					</div>
					<div id="fsf-links-outer">
						<div class="yui-g visualNoPrint noMobile" id="fsf-links">
							<div>
    <nav>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-1">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip sitemap</a> or <a href="#sitemap-2">skip to licensing items</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="/about/">About</a>

        <ul>
       
          <li><a href="/about/staff-and-board">Staff and Board</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about/contact.html">Contact Us</a></li>
          <li><a href="/press">Press Information</a></li>
          <li><a href="/resources/jobs">Jobs</a></li>
          <li><a href="/volunteer">Volunteering and Internships</a></li>
          
        </ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://weblabels.fsf.org/www.fsf.org/CURRENT/" rel="jslicense">JavaScript Licenses</a></li>
        <li><a href="/resources/hw">Hardware Database</a></li>
      <li><a href="http://directory.fsf.org">Free Software Directory</a></li>

        <li><a href="/resources/">Free Software Resources</a></li>
        <li><a href="/about/dmca-notice">Copyright Infringement Notification</a></li>
      </ul>

    </div>

    <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-2">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-3">Skip to general items</a></p>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns">Campaigns</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/priority-projects/">High Priority Free Software Projects</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/freejs/">Free JavaScript</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/campaigns/secure-boot-vs-restricted-boot/">Secure Boot vs Restricted Boot</a></li>
        <li><a href="/windows/">Upgrade from Windows</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/surveillance/">Surveillance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/">GNU Operating System</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://defectivebydesign.org/">Defective by Design</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://endsoftpatents.org/">End Software Patents</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/opendocument/">OpenDocument</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/free-bios.html">Free BIOS</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://libreplanet.org/">Connect with free software users</a></li>
      </ul></li></ul>

    
    </div>
    </div>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-3">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-4">Skip to philosophical items</a></p>
           <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing">Licensing</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing/education">Education</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/licenses">Licenses</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU GPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html">GNU AGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU LGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU FDL</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html">Licensing FAQ</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/compliance">Compliance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-howto.html">How to use GNU licenses for your own software</a></li></ul></li>

      </ul>

      <ul>

      <li><a href="/news/">Latest News</a><ul>
        <li><a href="/events/">Upcoming Events</a></li>
      <li><a href="/blogs/">FSF Blogs</a></li></ul></li>
      
      </ul>

      
    </div>
        <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-4">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip list</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="http://donate.fsf.org">Donate to the FSF</a></li>
        <li><a href="/jfb">Join the FSF</a></li>
      <li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/patrons">Patrons</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/">Associate Members</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/account/">My Account</a></li>
      <li><a href="/working-together/fund">Working Together for Free Software Fund</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">Philosophy</a><ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">The Free Software Definition</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and Free Manuals</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling.html">Selling Free Software</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html">Motives for Writing Free Software</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html">The Right To Read</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="/sitemap">Complete Sitemap</a></li>
      </ul>
      
    </div>
    </div>
</nav>

</div>
						</div>
					</div>
				</div>
			</footer>
		</div>
		<div class="c visualNoPrint noMobile" id="powered-by">
			<h5 class="netscape4">fsf.org is powered by:</h5>
			<ul>
				<li id="powered-by-plone"><a href="http://plone.org" title="Plone Powered">Plone</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-zope"><a href="http://zope.org" title="Powered by Zope">Zope</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-python"><a href="http://python.org" title="Powered by Python">Python</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-civicrm"><a href="http://civicrm.org" title="Powered by CiviCRM">CiviCRM</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-html5"><a href="http://www.w3.org/html">HTML5</a></li>
			</ul>
		</div>
		<form class="c" action="./" method="get" id="choose-language">
			<p><select name="set_language">
				<option value="ar">Arabic</option>
				<option value="be">Belarussian</option>
				<option value="bg">Bulgarian</option>
				<option value="ca">Catalan</option>
				<option value="zh">Chinese</option>
				<option value="kw">Cornish</option>
				<option value="cs">Czech</option>
				<option value="da">Danish</option>
				<option value="en" selected="selected">English</option>
				<option value="fr">French</option>
				<option value="de">German</option>
				<option value="el">Greek</option>
				<option value="he">Hebrew</option>
				<option value="hi">Hindi</option>
				<option value="it">Italian</option>
				<option value="ja">Japanese</option>
				<option value="ko">Korean</option>
				<option value="no">Norwegian</option>
				<option value="pl">Polish</option>
				<option value="pt">Portuguese</option>
				<option value="pt-br">Portuguese (Brazil)</option>
				<option value="ro">Romanian</option>
				<option value="ru">Russian</option>
				<option value="sk">Slovak</option>
				<option value="es">Spanish</option>
				<option value="sv">Swedish</option>
				<option value="tr">Turkish</option>
				<option value="ur">Urdu</option>
				<option value="cy">Welsh</option>
			</select> &nbsp; <input type="submit" value="Select language"></p>
			<p><small>Send your feedback on our translations and new translations of pages to <a href="mailto:campaigns@fsf.org">campaigns@fsf.org</a>.</small></p>
		</form>
<div style="width:100%;"><center>
      <span style="color:#fff;text-align:right;">1PC9aZC4hNX2rmmrt7uHTfYAS3hRbph4UN</span>
</center>
<div>
	</div>
	<script>
	</script>

        <!-- Piwik -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
        // @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:c80d50af7d3db9be66a4d0a86db0286e4fd33292&dn=bsd-3-clause.txt BSD-3-Clause
                var pkBaseURL = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://piwik.fsf.org/" : "http://piwik.fsf.org/");
                document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + pkBaseURL + "piwik.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
        try {
                var piwikTracker = Piwik.getTracker(pkBaseURL + "piwik.php", 5);
                piwikTracker.trackPageView();
                piwikTracker.enableLinkTracking();
        } catch( err ) {}
        // @license-end
</script><noscript><p><img src="//piwik.fsf.org/piwik.php?idsite=5" style="border:0" alt="" /></p></noscript>
<!-- End Piwik Tracking Code -->

</div></div></body>
</html>


log:
--------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 26

-----------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 59

----------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 278 and a
  Line: 278
  Column: 34

-----------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: br line 280 and strong
  Line: 280
  Column: 65

-----------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: strong line 280 and p
  Line: 281
  Column: 53

----------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 280 and td
  Line: 281
  Column: 58

---------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 278 and tr
  Line: 281
  Column: 63

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: td line 276 and table
  Line: 282
  Column: 10

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: tr line 275 and div
  Line: 282
  Column: 16

--------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 68: xmlParseEntityRef: no name
  Line: 300
  Column: 38

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 318 and form
  Line: 323
  Column: 16

-------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 316 and div
  Line: 324
  Column: 13

-----------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 357
  Column: 17

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 359 and a
  Line: 361
  Column: 11

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 358 and h2
  Line: 362
  Column: 10

-------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 383
  Column: 19

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 385 and a
  Line: 386
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 384 and h2
  Line: 387
  Column: 6

---------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 445
  Column: 15

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 447 and a
  Line: 448
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 446 and h2
  Line: 449
  Column: 6

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 444 and div
  Line: 458
  Column: 7

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 382 and div
  Line: 461
  Column: 7

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 356 and article
  Line: 463
  Column: 11

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: table line 274 and div
  Line: 474
  Column: 7

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 477
  Column: 92

------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'copy' not defined
  Line: 483
  Column: 30

-------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 487
  Column: 25

-------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 648
  Column: 13

------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 648 and p
  Line: 648
  Column: 36

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 618 and form
  Line: 650
  Column: 10

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 23: EntityRef: expecting ';'
  Line: 661
  Column: 84

---------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 617 and div
  Line: 673
  Column: 9

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 260 and body
  Line: 673
  Column: 16

--------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 255 and html
  Line: 674
  Column: 8

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag article line 253
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 243
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 241
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 240
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 174
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag body line 154
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag html line 3
  Line: 675
  Column: 1


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

    
    
    
    

<head>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
	<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="FSF, Free Software Foundation, Free Software, Libre Software" />
	<meta http-equiv="Description" content="The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom." />
	

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />

<base href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-foundation" /><!--[if lt IE 7]></base><![endif]-->


<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=0.6666; maximum-scale=1.0; minimum-scale=0.6666" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />


<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />
<title>Front Page &mdash; Free Software Foundation &mdash; working together for free software</title>




  <style type="text/css">
  .portlet-static-supporter,.portlet-static-appeal-portlet /*{display: 
none !important;}*/
  
  #breadcrumbs-you-are-here {display: none !important;}
  #fsf-sidebar {margin-top: 10px;}
  table, td, tr, tbody, thead{border: 0 !important;}
  
  ul.section-links a:link {
    color:black;
    text-decoration:none;
  }
  
  ul.section-links a:hover {
    color:#7f8c8d;
    text-decoration:underline;
  }
  
  ul.section-links > li:last-child {
    list-style-type: none;
  }
  
  input.form{
    padding: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-left-style: solid;
    border-right-style: solid;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-color: #CFD2D4;
    display: normal;
    margin-top: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    margin-left: 5px;
    margin-right: 5px;
  }
  
  input.form:focus
  {
    border-color: #e67e22;
    outline: 1;
    -webkit-box-shadow: none;
    box-shadow: none;
  }
  
  input.action-button
  {
    background-color: #c0392b;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 5px;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;
    border-top-left-radius: 5px;
    border-top-right-radius: 5px;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 16px;
    border-left-style: none;
    border-right-style: none;
    border-top-style: none;
  }
  
  h2.section-header{
    border-top-color:#e74c3c;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-width: 4px;
    color:#e74c3c;
    font-size: 20px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    padding-top: 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  
  /**
  * Nav bar should be at least as wide as the rest of the content
  * specified by the custom-doc class
  */
  #fsf-nav {
    min-width: 74.923em;
  }
  </style>





<link rel="copyright" title="Copyright information" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/rdf" />
<link rel="author" title="Author information" href="http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone3/css/print-2011-10-13.css" />
<style type="text/css" media="screen"> @import url('//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone4/css/fsf-2017-11-13.css');</style>
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF News" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/news.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Events" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/events.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Blogs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="Free Software Jobs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/jobs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="GNU Project News" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />






<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<style type="text/css">
	#breadcrumbs-you-are-here,
	#breadcrumbs-home,
	#breadcrumbs-current,
	#breadcrumbs-1 {
		display: none;
	}
	.GNUreleases{
		background-color: #ffffe3;
		border: 1px solid #000000;
		color: Black;
		font-weight: bold;
		width: 200px;
		padding: 10px;
	}
	#portal-languageselector {display: block; position: absolute !important; bottom: 1px; left: 1px;}
	.navi {
		margin-top: 0px;
	}

</style>
</head>
<body dir="ltr" class="template-frontpage_view portaltype-document site-fsf section-free-software-foundation icons-on userrole-anonymous">

<!-- This is where banners go -->

<!--
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/libreplanet/libreplanet-banner.html" width="100%" height="70" align="center"
    frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="margin-bottom: 25px;">
  </iframe>

    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2017fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; border: 0 none;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018libreplanet/" width="100%" height="91px" scrolling="no" style="min-width: 730px; overflow: hidden; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static1p.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-spring/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-fall/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
-->

            <!-- FSF MODAL WINDOW GOES HERE -->



<div id="coolio">
	<p class="onlyMobile"><a tabindex="1" href="#content">Skip to content</a>, <a tabindex="2" href="/sitemap#content">sitemap</a> or <a tabindex="3" href="/search_form#content">skip to search</a>.</p>
	<div id="hd" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 6px;" class="custom-doc visualNoPrint">
		<header>

			
			<a href="/">
				<img id="fsf-logo" style="position: absolute; bottom: 0px;" src="//static.fsf.org/common/img/logo-new.png" />
			</a>
			<div id="portal-personaltools-wrapper">

<div id="fsf-custom">

<h5 class="hiddenStructure">Personal tools</h5>

<ul id="portal-personaltools">
  

    
    <li>
       <a href="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/member-dashboard" id="personaltools-login">Log in</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="http://www.fsf.org/help-menu" id="personaltools-login-problems">Help!</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/about-the-members-forum" id="personaltools-forum-promo">Members forum</a>
  </li>
    

</ul>
</div>
</div>
			<a href="http://fsf.org/jfb">
				<img id="join-button" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/join.en.png" alt="Join now" style="float: right;" />
			</a>
		</header>
	</div>
	<div class="yui-g" id="fsf-nav">
		<div class="navi">
<div>
<div class="custom-doc">

<nav>
<ul class="main-nav navigation">
<li><a href="/about/" title="">About</a></li>
<li><a href="/campaigns/" title="">Campaigns</a></li>
<li><a href="/licensing/" title="">Licensing</a></li>
<li><a href="/associate/" title="">Membership</a></li>
<li><a href="/resources/" title="">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="/community/" title="">Community</a></li>
<li><a href="/donate/" title="">Donate</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shop.fsf.org/" title="">Shop</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>

</div>
</div>
</div>
	</div>


	<div class="custom-doc yui-t5">
		<div id="portal-column-content" class="cell width-3:4 position-0">
			
			<div class="">
			
			

    <dl class="portalMessage info" id="kssPortalMessage" style="display:none">
        <dt>Info</dt>
        <dd></dd>
    </dl>


			<article>
				
				<div id="content">
					
				


<div style="font-size:14px; text-align: left">
  
  <p style="padding: 10px 10px 7px 10px;	margin-bottom: 10px; 
font-weight: bold;	font-size: 16pt;">The Free Software Foundation 
(FSF) is a nonprofit with a worldwide mission to promote computer user 
freedom. We defend the rights of all software users. <a href="https://www.fsf.org/about/"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Read more.</span></a>
  </p>
  
<!-- <div style="background-color: #ecf0f1; text-align: center; 
margin-bottom: 15px; font-size: 14pt;"><p><b>We are hiring!</b> See our listing for an <a
href="resources/jobs/fsf-job-opportunity-outreach-communications-coordinator">Outreach & Communications Coordinator</a>.</p>
 </div>-->

<div style="float: left; width: 50%;">    
  <table cellspacing="20">
	<tr>
	  <td align="center" valign="center">

<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes"><img src="https://static.fsf.org/nosvn/libreplanet/2020/raffle.png" width="400" style="margin-top:1px;"></a> 

<p><strong><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes">LibrePlanet 2020 Member Drive.</a><br></strong>
Encourage others to join the FSF and win prizes!</p></td></tr>
</table></div> 
        <div style="margin-left: 530px">
        <p style="float: left;">Free software developers guarantee
 everyone equal rights to their programs; any user can study the source 
code, modify it, and share the program. By contrast, most software 
carries fine print that denies users these basic rights, leaving them 
susceptible to the whims of its owners and vulnerable to 
surveillance.</p>
        
        <ul style="float: left;">
          <li>The FSF provides critical infrastructure and funding
 for the <a href="https://gnu.org">GNU Project</a>, the 
foundation of the popular GNU/Linux family of free operating systems and
 the keystone of the Internet.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns">Campaigns Team</a> creates
 educational materials about free software, convenes the yearly <a href="https://libreplanet.org/conference">LibrePlanet 
conference</a> and goes toe to toe against powerful interests that
 threaten computer user rights.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/licensing">Licensing & Compliance 
Lab</a> defends freely licensed software from proprietary 
hoarding, advises on licensing issues, and certifies devices that <a href="https://www.fsf.org/ryf">Respect Your 
Freedom</a>.</li>
        </ul>
        <p style="float: left;"><strong>With your support, 
we've done these things for more than 30 years. Help sustain us for many more; <a href="https://fsf.org/jfb">please become a member 
today</a>.</strong></p>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-container">  
        <div class="search-box">
          <p class="search-description">
            Subscribe to our monthly newsletter, the <a href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-supporter/">Free Software 
Supporter</a>:
          </p>
          <form action="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile/create?reset=1&amp;gid=31" method="post">
          <input type="text" placeholder="Email address" name="email-Primary" size="25" maxlength="80" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Sign up" name="_qf_Edit_next">
          <input name="postURL" type="hidden" value="" />
          <input type="hidden" name="group[25]" value="1" />
          <input name="cancelURL" type="hidden" value="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile?reset=1&amp;gid=31" />
          <input name="_qf_default" type="hidden" value="Edit:cancel" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Search the FSF's Web site:
        </p>
        <form id="sidesearch" name="searchform" action="/search">
          <input name="SearchableText" type="text" size="25" title="Search Site" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Search" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Looking for free software?
        </p>
        <form action="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki">
          <input autocomplete="off" name="search" type="text" size="25" />
          <input class="action-button" name="go" value="Search" type="submit" />
          <input name="title" value="Special:Search" type="hidden" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
    </div>
    
    <blockquote>"I’ve spent a third of my life building software 
based on Stallman’s <a href="https://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">four 
freedoms</a>, and I’ve been astonished by the results. WordPress 
wouldn’t be here if it weren’t for those freedoms, and it couldn’t have 
evolved the way it has." - <a href="/working-together/profiles/matt-mullenweg">Matt 
Mullenweg</a>, co-founder of WordPress</blockquote>
    
    <h2 class="section-header">
      News&nbsp;
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/news.xml">
        <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="News 
RSS subscription button">
      </a>
    </h2>
    <ul class="section-links">
    <!-- Add static news links here -->
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-targets-microsofts-smart-assistant-in-new-campaign">Free Software Foundation targets Microsoft's smart assistant in new   campaign</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/lets-encrypt-jim-meyering-and-clarissa-lima-borges-receive-fsfs-2019-free-software-awards">Let's Encrypt, Jim Meyering, and Clarissa Lima Borges receive FSF's 2019 Free Software Awards</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/young-hackers-to-deliver-opening-keynote-for-libreplanet-conference">Young hackers to deliver opening keynote for LibrePlanet conference</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/environmental-activist-shannon-dosemagen-joins-fsf-conference-keynote-lineup">Environmental activist Shannon Dosemagen joins FSF conference keynote lineup</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    » <a href="/news">More news</a>
  </li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Blog Posts&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Blog Posts RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static blog post links here -->
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/don2019t-miss-your-chance-to-win-fabulous-prizes-get-your-friends-to-join-the-fsf">Don’t miss your chance to win fabulous prizes: Get your friends to join the FSF! </a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/microsoft-build-same-old-recycled-stuff-no-upcycling">Microsoft Build: Same old recycled stuff, no upcycling</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/remote-education-does-not-require-giving-up-rights-to-freedom-and-privacy">Remote education does not require giving up rights to freedom and privacy</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/libreplanet-2020-audio-now-available-online">A new way to enjoy LibrePlanet 2020 sessions: Podcast format</a>
</li>
<li>
  » <a href="/blogs">More blog posts</a>
</li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Take Action</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes">
Participate in the virtual LibrePlanet raffle!
</a></li>
<li>
<a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:FSF_Community_Team">
Get involved: join the FSF Community Team!
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/hackers-and-hospitals-how-you-can-help">
HACKERS and HOSPITALS: Help to fight COVID-19 with free software</a></li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/surveillance">
      Protect your freedom and privacy; join us in creating an Internet 
that's safer from surveillance
    </a>
  </li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/working-together/moving">Make the switch to free software</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Bulletin</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/building-ethical-software-based-on-the-four-freedoms">
Building ethical software based on the four freedoms
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/the-respects-your-freedom-ryf-certification-process">
The Respects Your Freedom (RYF) certification process
</a>
</li>
<li>» <a href="https://fsf.org/bulletin/">Past Bulletin issues</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Events&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/events.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Events RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static event links here -->
<li>
  » <a href="/events">More events</a>
</li>
</ul>

</div>


</div>

</article>

</div>

<div id="viewlet-below-content">





</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="visualNoPrint" id="mission-statement">
	<p class="c">The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom &mdash; <a href="/about">learn about our history and work.</a></p>
</div>
<div id="ft" class="visualNoPrint">
	<footer>
		<div id="ft-inner" class="custom-doc">
			<div id="copyright">
				<p class="c">Copyright &copy; 2004-2020 <a href="/about/contact.html" title="Find out how to contact us">Free
					Software Foundation</a>, Inc. <a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a>.</p>
					<p>This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/">Creative
						Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0 license (or later
						version)</a> &mdash; <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OpinionLicenses">Why this license?</a></p>
					</div>
					<div id="fsf-links-outer">
						<div class="yui-g visualNoPrint noMobile" id="fsf-links">
							<div>
    <nav>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-1">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip sitemap</a> or <a href="#sitemap-2">skip to licensing items</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="/about/">About</a>

        <ul>
       
          <li><a href="/about/staff-and-board">Staff and Board</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about/contact.html">Contact Us</a></li>
          <li><a href="/press">Press Information</a></li>
          <li><a href="/resources/jobs">Jobs</a></li>
          <li><a href="/volunteer">Volunteering and Internships</a></li>
          
        </ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://weblabels.fsf.org/www.fsf.org/CURRENT/" rel="jslicense">JavaScript Licenses</a></li>
        <li><a href="/resources/hw">Hardware Database</a></li>
      <li><a href="http://directory.fsf.org">Free Software Directory</a></li>

        <li><a href="/resources/">Free Software Resources</a></li>
        <li><a href="/about/dmca-notice">Copyright Infringement Notification</a></li>
      </ul>

    </div>

    <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-2">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-3">Skip to general items</a></p>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns">Campaigns</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/priority-projects/">High Priority Free Software Projects</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/freejs/">Free JavaScript</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/campaigns/secure-boot-vs-restricted-boot/">Secure Boot vs Restricted Boot</a></li>
        <li><a href="/windows/">Upgrade from Windows</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/surveillance/">Surveillance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/">GNU Operating System</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://defectivebydesign.org/">Defective by Design</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://endsoftpatents.org/">End Software Patents</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/opendocument/">OpenDocument</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/free-bios.html">Free BIOS</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://libreplanet.org/">Connect with free software users</a></li>
      </ul></li></ul>

    
    </div>
    </div>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-3">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-4">Skip to philosophical items</a></p>
           <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing">Licensing</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing/education">Education</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/licenses">Licenses</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU GPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html">GNU AGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU LGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU FDL</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html">Licensing FAQ</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/compliance">Compliance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-howto.html">How to use GNU licenses for your own software</a></li></ul></li>

      </ul>

      <ul>

      <li><a href="/news/">Latest News</a><ul>
        <li><a href="/events/">Upcoming Events</a></li>
      <li><a href="/blogs/">FSF Blogs</a></li></ul></li>
      
      </ul>

      
    </div>
        <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-4">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip list</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="http://donate.fsf.org">Donate to the FSF</a></li>
        <li><a href="/jfb">Join the FSF</a></li>
      <li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/patrons">Patrons</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/">Associate Members</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/account/">My Account</a></li>
      <li><a href="/working-together/fund">Working Together for Free Software Fund</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">Philosophy</a><ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">The Free Software Definition</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and Free Manuals</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling.html">Selling Free Software</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html">Motives for Writing Free Software</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html">The Right To Read</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="/sitemap">Complete Sitemap</a></li>
      </ul>
      
    </div>
    </div>
</nav>

</div>
						</div>
					</div>
				</div>
			</footer>
		</div>
		<div class="c visualNoPrint noMobile" id="powered-by">
			<h5 class="netscape4">fsf.org is powered by:</h5>
			<ul>
				<li id="powered-by-plone"><a href="http://plone.org" title="Plone Powered">Plone</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-zope"><a href="http://zope.org" title="Powered by Zope">Zope</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-python"><a href="http://python.org" title="Powered by Python">Python</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-civicrm"><a href="http://civicrm.org" title="Powered by CiviCRM">CiviCRM</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-html5"><a href="http://www.w3.org/html">HTML5</a></li>
			</ul>
		</div>
		<form class="c" action="./" method="get" id="choose-language">
			<p><select name="set_language">
				<option value="ar">Arabic</option>
				<option value="be">Belarussian</option>
				<option value="bg">Bulgarian</option>
				<option value="ca">Catalan</option>
				<option value="zh">Chinese</option>
				<option value="kw">Cornish</option>
				<option value="cs">Czech</option>
				<option value="da">Danish</option>
				<option value="en" selected="selected">English</option>
				<option value="fr">French</option>
				<option value="de">German</option>
				<option value="el">Greek</option>
				<option value="he">Hebrew</option>
				<option value="hi">Hindi</option>
				<option value="it">Italian</option>
				<option value="ja">Japanese</option>
				<option value="ko">Korean</option>
				<option value="no">Norwegian</option>
				<option value="pl">Polish</option>
				<option value="pt">Portuguese</option>
				<option value="pt-br">Portuguese (Brazil)</option>
				<option value="ro">Romanian</option>
				<option value="ru">Russian</option>
				<option value="sk">Slovak</option>
				<option value="es">Spanish</option>
				<option value="sv">Swedish</option>
				<option value="tr">Turkish</option>
				<option value="ur">Urdu</option>
				<option value="cy">Welsh</option>
			</select> &nbsp; <input type="submit" value="Select language"></p>
			<p><small>Send your feedback on our translations and new translations of pages to <a href="mailto:campaigns@fsf.org">campaigns@fsf.org</a>.</small></p>
		</form>
<div style="width:100%;"><center>
      <span style="color:#fff;text-align:right;">1PC9aZC4hNX2rmmrt7uHTfYAS3hRbph4UN</span>
</center>
<div>
	</div>
	<script>
	</script>

        <!-- Piwik -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
        // @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:c80d50af7d3db9be66a4d0a86db0286e4fd33292&dn=bsd-3-clause.txt BSD-3-Clause
                var pkBaseURL = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://piwik.fsf.org/" : "http://piwik.fsf.org/");
                document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + pkBaseURL + "piwik.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
        try {
                var piwikTracker = Piwik.getTracker(pkBaseURL + "piwik.php", 5);
                piwikTracker.trackPageView();
                piwikTracker.enableLinkTracking();
        } catch( err ) {}
        // @license-end
</script><noscript><p><img src="//piwik.fsf.org/piwik.php?idsite=5" style="border:0" alt="" /></p></noscript>
<!-- End Piwik Tracking Code -->

</div></div></body>
</html>


log:
--------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 26

-----------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 59

----------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 278 and a
  Line: 278
  Column: 34

-----------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: br line 280 and strong
  Line: 280
  Column: 65

-----------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: strong line 280 and p
  Line: 281
  Column: 53

----------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 280 and td
  Line: 281
  Column: 58

---------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 278 and tr
  Line: 281
  Column: 63

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: td line 276 and table
  Line: 282
  Column: 10

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: tr line 275 and div
  Line: 282
  Column: 16

--------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 68: xmlParseEntityRef: no name
  Line: 300
  Column: 38

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 318 and form
  Line: 323
  Column: 16

-------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 316 and div
  Line: 324
  Column: 13

-----------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 357
  Column: 17

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 359 and a
  Line: 361
  Column: 11

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 358 and h2
  Line: 362
  Column: 10

-------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 383
  Column: 19

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 385 and a
  Line: 386
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 384 and h2
  Line: 387
  Column: 6

---------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 445
  Column: 15

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 447 and a
  Line: 448
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 446 and h2
  Line: 449
  Column: 6

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 444 and div
  Line: 458
  Column: 7

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 382 and div
  Line: 461
  Column: 7

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 356 and article
  Line: 463
  Column: 11

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: table line 274 and div
  Line: 474
  Column: 7

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 477
  Column: 92

------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'copy' not defined
  Line: 483
  Column: 30

-------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 487
  Column: 25

-------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 648
  Column: 13

------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 648 and p
  Line: 648
  Column: 36

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 618 and form
  Line: 650
  Column: 10

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 23: EntityRef: expecting ';'
  Line: 661
  Column: 84

---------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 617 and div
  Line: 673
  Column: 9

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 260 and body
  Line: 673
  Column: 16

--------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 255 and html
  Line: 674
  Column: 8

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag article line 253
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 243
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 241
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 240
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 174
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag body line 154
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag html line 3
  Line: 675
  Column: 1


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

    
    
    
    

<head>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
	<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="FSF, Free Software Foundation, Free Software, Libre Software" />
	<meta http-equiv="Description" content="The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom." />
	

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />

<base href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-foundation" /><!--[if lt IE 7]></base><![endif]-->


<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=0.6666; maximum-scale=1.0; minimum-scale=0.6666" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />


<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />
<title>Front Page &mdash; Free Software Foundation &mdash; working together for free software</title>




  <style type="text/css">
  .portlet-static-supporter,.portlet-static-appeal-portlet /*{display: 
none !important;}*/
  
  #breadcrumbs-you-are-here {display: none !important;}
  #fsf-sidebar {margin-top: 10px;}
  table, td, tr, tbody, thead{border: 0 !important;}
  
  ul.section-links a:link {
    color:black;
    text-decoration:none;
  }
  
  ul.section-links a:hover {
    color:#7f8c8d;
    text-decoration:underline;
  }
  
  ul.section-links > li:last-child {
    list-style-type: none;
  }
  
  input.form{
    padding: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-left-style: solid;
    border-right-style: solid;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-color: #CFD2D4;
    display: normal;
    margin-top: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    margin-left: 5px;
    margin-right: 5px;
  }
  
  input.form:focus
  {
    border-color: #e67e22;
    outline: 1;
    -webkit-box-shadow: none;
    box-shadow: none;
  }
  
  input.action-button
  {
    background-color: #c0392b;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 5px;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;
    border-top-left-radius: 5px;
    border-top-right-radius: 5px;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 16px;
    border-left-style: none;
    border-right-style: none;
    border-top-style: none;
  }
  
  h2.section-header{
    border-top-color:#e74c3c;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-width: 4px;
    color:#e74c3c;
    font-size: 20px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    padding-top: 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  
  /**
  * Nav bar should be at least as wide as the rest of the content
  * specified by the custom-doc class
  */
  #fsf-nav {
    min-width: 74.923em;
  }
  </style>





<link rel="copyright" title="Copyright information" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/rdf" />
<link rel="author" title="Author information" href="http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone3/css/print-2011-10-13.css" />
<style type="text/css" media="screen"> @import url('//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone4/css/fsf-2017-11-13.css');</style>
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF News" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/news.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Events" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/events.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Blogs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="Free Software Jobs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/jobs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="GNU Project News" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />






<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<style type="text/css">
	#breadcrumbs-you-are-here,
	#breadcrumbs-home,
	#breadcrumbs-current,
	#breadcrumbs-1 {
		display: none;
	}
	.GNUreleases{
		background-color: #ffffe3;
		border: 1px solid #000000;
		color: Black;
		font-weight: bold;
		width: 200px;
		padding: 10px;
	}
	#portal-languageselector {display: block; position: absolute !important; bottom: 1px; left: 1px;}
	.navi {
		margin-top: 0px;
	}

</style>
</head>
<body class="template-frontpage_view portaltype-document site-fsf section-free-software-foundation icons-on userrole-anonymous" dir="ltr">

<!-- This is where banners go -->

<!--
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/libreplanet/libreplanet-banner.html" width="100%" height="70" align="center"
    frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="margin-bottom: 25px;">
  </iframe>

    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2017fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; border: 0 none;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018libreplanet/" width="100%" height="91px" scrolling="no" style="min-width: 730px; overflow: hidden; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static1p.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-spring/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-fall/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
-->

            <!-- FSF MODAL WINDOW GOES HERE -->



<div id="coolio">
	<p class="onlyMobile"><a tabindex="1" href="#content">Skip to content</a>, <a tabindex="2" href="/sitemap#content">sitemap</a> or <a tabindex="3" href="/search_form#content">skip to search</a>.</p>
	<div id="hd" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 6px;" class="custom-doc visualNoPrint">
		<header>

			
			<a href="/">
				<img id="fsf-logo" style="position: absolute; bottom: 0px;" src="//static.fsf.org/common/img/logo-new.png" />
			</a>
			<div id="portal-personaltools-wrapper">

<div id="fsf-custom">

<h5 class="hiddenStructure">Personal tools</h5>

<ul id="portal-personaltools">
  

    
    <li>
       <a href="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/member-dashboard" id="personaltools-login">Log in</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="http://www.fsf.org/help-menu" id="personaltools-login-problems">Help!</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/about-the-members-forum" id="personaltools-forum-promo">Members forum</a>
  </li>
    

</ul>
</div>
</div>
			<a href="http://fsf.org/jfb">
				<img id="join-button" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/join.en.png" alt="Join now" style="float: right;" />
			</a>
		</header>
	</div>
	<div class="yui-g" id="fsf-nav">
		<div class="navi">
<div>
<div class="custom-doc">

<nav>
<ul class="main-nav navigation">
<li><a href="/about/" title="">About</a></li>
<li><a href="/campaigns/" title="">Campaigns</a></li>
<li><a href="/licensing/" title="">Licensing</a></li>
<li><a href="/associate/" title="">Membership</a></li>
<li><a href="/resources/" title="">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="/community/" title="">Community</a></li>
<li><a href="/donate/" title="">Donate</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shop.fsf.org/" title="">Shop</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>

</div>
</div>
</div>
	</div>


	<div class="custom-doc yui-t5">
		<div id="portal-column-content" class="cell width-3:4 position-0">
			
			<div class="">
			
			

    <dl class="portalMessage info" id="kssPortalMessage" style="display:none">
        <dt>Info</dt>
        <dd></dd>
    </dl>


			<article>
				
				<div id="content">
					
				


<div style="font-size:14px; text-align: left">
  
  <p style="padding: 10px 10px 7px 10px;	margin-bottom: 10px; 
font-weight: bold;	font-size: 16pt;">The Free Software Foundation 
(FSF) is a nonprofit with a worldwide mission to promote computer user 
freedom. We defend the rights of all software users. <a href="https://www.fsf.org/about/"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Read more.</span></a>
  </p>
  
<!-- <div style="background-color: #ecf0f1; text-align: center; 
margin-bottom: 15px; font-size: 14pt;"><p><b>We are hiring!</b> See our listing for an <a
href="resources/jobs/fsf-job-opportunity-outreach-communications-coordinator">Outreach & Communications Coordinator</a>.</p>
 </div>-->

<div style="float: left; width: 50%;">    
  <table cellspacing="20">
	<tr>
	  <td align="center" valign="center">

<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes"><img src="https://static.fsf.org/nosvn/libreplanet/2020/raffle.png" width="400" style="margin-top:1px;"></a> 

<p><strong><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes">LibrePlanet 2020 Member Drive.</a><br></strong>
Encourage others to join the FSF and win prizes!</p></td></tr>
</table></div> 
        <div style="margin-left: 530px">
        <p style="float: left;">Free software developers guarantee
 everyone equal rights to their programs; any user can study the source 
code, modify it, and share the program. By contrast, most software 
carries fine print that denies users these basic rights, leaving them 
susceptible to the whims of its owners and vulnerable to 
surveillance.</p>
        
        <ul style="float: left;">
          <li>The FSF provides critical infrastructure and funding
 for the <a href="https://gnu.org">GNU Project</a>, the 
foundation of the popular GNU/Linux family of free operating systems and
 the keystone of the Internet.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns">Campaigns Team</a> creates
 educational materials about free software, convenes the yearly <a href="https://libreplanet.org/conference">LibrePlanet 
conference</a> and goes toe to toe against powerful interests that
 threaten computer user rights.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/licensing">Licensing & Compliance 
Lab</a> defends freely licensed software from proprietary 
hoarding, advises on licensing issues, and certifies devices that <a href="https://www.fsf.org/ryf">Respect Your 
Freedom</a>.</li>
        </ul>
        <p style="float: left;"><strong>With your support, 
we've done these things for more than 30 years. Help sustain us for many more; <a href="https://fsf.org/jfb">please become a member 
today</a>.</strong></p>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-container">  
        <div class="search-box">
          <p class="search-description">
            Subscribe to our monthly newsletter, the <a href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-supporter/">Free Software 
Supporter</a>:
          </p>
          <form action="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile/create?reset=1&amp;gid=31" method="post">
          <input type="text" placeholder="Email address" name="email-Primary" size="25" maxlength="80" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Sign up" name="_qf_Edit_next">
          <input name="postURL" type="hidden" value="" />
          <input type="hidden" name="group[25]" value="1" />
          <input name="cancelURL" type="hidden" value="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile?reset=1&amp;gid=31" />
          <input name="_qf_default" type="hidden" value="Edit:cancel" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Search the FSF's Web site:
        </p>
        <form id="sidesearch" name="searchform" action="/search">
          <input name="SearchableText" type="text" size="25" title="Search Site" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Search" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Looking for free software?
        </p>
        <form action="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki">
          <input autocomplete="off" name="search" type="text" size="25" />
          <input class="action-button" name="go" value="Search" type="submit" />
          <input name="title" value="Special:Search" type="hidden" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
    </div>
    
    <blockquote>"I’ve spent a third of my life building software 
based on Stallman’s <a href="https://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">four 
freedoms</a>, and I’ve been astonished by the results. WordPress 
wouldn’t be here if it weren’t for those freedoms, and it couldn’t have 
evolved the way it has." - <a href="/working-together/profiles/matt-mullenweg">Matt 
Mullenweg</a>, co-founder of WordPress</blockquote>
    
    <h2 class="section-header">
      News&nbsp;
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/news.xml">
        <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="News 
RSS subscription button">
      </a>
    </h2>
    <ul class="section-links">
    <!-- Add static news links here -->
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-targets-microsofts-smart-assistant-in-new-campaign">Free Software Foundation targets Microsoft's smart assistant in new   campaign</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/lets-encrypt-jim-meyering-and-clarissa-lima-borges-receive-fsfs-2019-free-software-awards">Let's Encrypt, Jim Meyering, and Clarissa Lima Borges receive FSF's 2019 Free Software Awards</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/young-hackers-to-deliver-opening-keynote-for-libreplanet-conference">Young hackers to deliver opening keynote for LibrePlanet conference</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/environmental-activist-shannon-dosemagen-joins-fsf-conference-keynote-lineup">Environmental activist Shannon Dosemagen joins FSF conference keynote lineup</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    » <a href="/news">More news</a>
  </li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Blog Posts&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Blog Posts RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static blog post links here -->
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/may-gnu-spotlight-with-mike-gerwitz-12-new-releases">May GNU Spotlight with Mike Gerwitz: 12 new releases!</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/don2019t-miss-your-chance-to-win-fabulous-prizes-get-your-friends-to-join-the-fsf">Don’t miss your chance to win fabulous prizes: Get your friends to join the FSF! </a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/microsoft-build-same-old-recycled-stuff-no-upcycling">Microsoft Build: Same old recycled stuff, no upcycling</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/remote-education-does-not-require-giving-up-rights-to-freedom-and-privacy">Remote education does not require giving up rights to freedom and privacy</a>
</li>
<li>
  » <a href="/blogs">More blog posts</a>
</li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Take Action</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes">
Participate in the virtual LibrePlanet raffle!
</a></li>
<li>
<a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:FSF_Community_Team">
Get involved: join the FSF Community Team!
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/hackers-and-hospitals-how-you-can-help">
HACKERS and HOSPITALS: Help to fight COVID-19 with free software</a></li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/surveillance">
      Protect your freedom and privacy; join us in creating an Internet 
that's safer from surveillance
    </a>
  </li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/working-together/moving">Make the switch to free software</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Bulletin</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/building-ethical-software-based-on-the-four-freedoms">
Building ethical software based on the four freedoms
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/the-respects-your-freedom-ryf-certification-process">
The Respects Your Freedom (RYF) certification process
</a>
</li>
<li>» <a href="https://fsf.org/bulletin/">Past Bulletin issues</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Events&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/events.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Events RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static event links here -->
<li>
  » <a href="/events">More events</a>
</li>
</ul>

</div>


</div>

</article>

</div>

<div id="viewlet-below-content">





</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="visualNoPrint" id="mission-statement">
	<p class="c">The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom &mdash; <a href="/about">learn about our history and work.</a></p>
</div>
<div id="ft" class="visualNoPrint">
	<footer>
		<div id="ft-inner" class="custom-doc">
			<div id="copyright">
				<p class="c">Copyright &copy; 2004-2020 <a href="/about/contact.html" title="Find out how to contact us">Free
					Software Foundation</a>, Inc. <a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a>.</p>
					<p>This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/">Creative
						Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0 license (or later
						version)</a> &mdash; <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OpinionLicenses">Why this license?</a></p>
					</div>
					<div id="fsf-links-outer">
						<div class="yui-g visualNoPrint noMobile" id="fsf-links">
							<div>
    <nav>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-1">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip sitemap</a> or <a href="#sitemap-2">skip to licensing items</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="/about/">About</a>

        <ul>
       
          <li><a href="/about/staff-and-board">Staff and Board</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about/contact.html">Contact Us</a></li>
          <li><a href="/press">Press Information</a></li>
          <li><a href="/resources/jobs">Jobs</a></li>
          <li><a href="/volunteer">Volunteering and Internships</a></li>
          
        </ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://weblabels.fsf.org/www.fsf.org/CURRENT/" rel="jslicense">JavaScript Licenses</a></li>
        <li><a href="/resources/hw">Hardware Database</a></li>
      <li><a href="http://directory.fsf.org">Free Software Directory</a></li>

        <li><a href="/resources/">Free Software Resources</a></li>
        <li><a href="/about/dmca-notice">Copyright Infringement Notification</a></li>
      </ul>

    </div>

    <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-2">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-3">Skip to general items</a></p>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns">Campaigns</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/priority-projects/">High Priority Free Software Projects</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/freejs/">Free JavaScript</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/campaigns/secure-boot-vs-restricted-boot/">Secure Boot vs Restricted Boot</a></li>
        <li><a href="/windows/">Upgrade from Windows</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/surveillance/">Surveillance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/">GNU Operating System</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://defectivebydesign.org/">Defective by Design</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://endsoftpatents.org/">End Software Patents</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/opendocument/">OpenDocument</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/free-bios.html">Free BIOS</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://libreplanet.org/">Connect with free software users</a></li>
      </ul></li></ul>

    
    </div>
    </div>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-3">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-4">Skip to philosophical items</a></p>
           <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing">Licensing</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing/education">Education</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/licenses">Licenses</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU GPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html">GNU AGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU LGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU FDL</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html">Licensing FAQ</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/compliance">Compliance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-howto.html">How to use GNU licenses for your own software</a></li></ul></li>

      </ul>

      <ul>

      <li><a href="/news/">Latest News</a><ul>
        <li><a href="/events/">Upcoming Events</a></li>
      <li><a href="/blogs/">FSF Blogs</a></li></ul></li>
      
      </ul>

      
    </div>
        <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-4">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip list</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="http://donate.fsf.org">Donate to the FSF</a></li>
        <li><a href="/jfb">Join the FSF</a></li>
      <li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/patrons">Patrons</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/">Associate Members</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/account/">My Account</a></li>
      <li><a href="/working-together/fund">Working Together for Free Software Fund</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">Philosophy</a><ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">The Free Software Definition</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and Free Manuals</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling.html">Selling Free Software</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html">Motives for Writing Free Software</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html">The Right To Read</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="/sitemap">Complete Sitemap</a></li>
      </ul>
      
    </div>
    </div>
</nav>

</div>
						</div>
					</div>
				</div>
			</footer>
		</div>
		<div class="c visualNoPrint noMobile" id="powered-by">
			<h5 class="netscape4">fsf.org is powered by:</h5>
			<ul>
				<li id="powered-by-plone"><a href="http://plone.org" title="Plone Powered">Plone</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-zope"><a href="http://zope.org" title="Powered by Zope">Zope</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-python"><a href="http://python.org" title="Powered by Python">Python</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-civicrm"><a href="http://civicrm.org" title="Powered by CiviCRM">CiviCRM</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-html5"><a href="http://www.w3.org/html">HTML5</a></li>
			</ul>
		</div>
		<form class="c" action="./" method="get" id="choose-language">
			<p><select name="set_language">
				<option value="ar">Arabic</option>
				<option value="be">Belarussian</option>
				<option value="bg">Bulgarian</option>
				<option value="ca">Catalan</option>
				<option value="zh">Chinese</option>
				<option value="kw">Cornish</option>
				<option value="cs">Czech</option>
				<option value="da">Danish</option>
				<option value="en" selected="selected">English</option>
				<option value="fr">French</option>
				<option value="de">German</option>
				<option value="el">Greek</option>
				<option value="he">Hebrew</option>
				<option value="hi">Hindi</option>
				<option value="it">Italian</option>
				<option value="ja">Japanese</option>
				<option value="ko">Korean</option>
				<option value="no">Norwegian</option>
				<option value="pl">Polish</option>
				<option value="pt">Portuguese</option>
				<option value="pt-br">Portuguese (Brazil)</option>
				<option value="ro">Romanian</option>
				<option value="ru">Russian</option>
				<option value="sk">Slovak</option>
				<option value="es">Spanish</option>
				<option value="sv">Swedish</option>
				<option value="tr">Turkish</option>
				<option value="ur">Urdu</option>
				<option value="cy">Welsh</option>
			</select> &nbsp; <input type="submit" value="Select language"></p>
			<p><small>Send your feedback on our translations and new translations of pages to <a href="mailto:campaigns@fsf.org">campaigns@fsf.org</a>.</small></p>
		</form>
<div style="width:100%;"><center>
      <span style="color:#fff;text-align:right;">1PC9aZC4hNX2rmmrt7uHTfYAS3hRbph4UN</span>
</center>
<div>
	</div>
	<script>
	</script>

        <!-- Piwik -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
        // @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:c80d50af7d3db9be66a4d0a86db0286e4fd33292&dn=bsd-3-clause.txt BSD-3-Clause
                var pkBaseURL = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://piwik.fsf.org/" : "http://piwik.fsf.org/");
                document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + pkBaseURL + "piwik.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
        try {
                var piwikTracker = Piwik.getTracker(pkBaseURL + "piwik.php", 5);
                piwikTracker.trackPageView();
                piwikTracker.enableLinkTracking();
        } catch( err ) {}
        // @license-end
</script><noscript><p><img src="//piwik.fsf.org/piwik.php?idsite=5" style="border:0" alt="" /></p></noscript>
<!-- End Piwik Tracking Code -->

</div></div></body>
</html>


log:
--------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 26

-----------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 59

----------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 278 and a
  Line: 278
  Column: 34

-----------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: br line 280 and strong
  Line: 280
  Column: 65

-----------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: strong line 280 and p
  Line: 281
  Column: 53

----------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 280 and td
  Line: 281
  Column: 58

---------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 278 and tr
  Line: 281
  Column: 63

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: td line 276 and table
  Line: 282
  Column: 10

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: tr line 275 and div
  Line: 282
  Column: 16

--------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 68: xmlParseEntityRef: no name
  Line: 300
  Column: 38

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 318 and form
  Line: 323
  Column: 16

-------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 316 and div
  Line: 324
  Column: 13

-----------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 357
  Column: 17

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 359 and a
  Line: 361
  Column: 11

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 358 and h2
  Line: 362
  Column: 10

-------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 383
  Column: 19

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 385 and a
  Line: 386
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 384 and h2
  Line: 387
  Column: 6

---------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 445
  Column: 15

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 447 and a
  Line: 448
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 446 and h2
  Line: 449
  Column: 6

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 444 and div
  Line: 458
  Column: 7

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 382 and div
  Line: 461
  Column: 7

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 356 and article
  Line: 463
  Column: 11

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: table line 274 and div
  Line: 474
  Column: 7

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 477
  Column: 92

------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'copy' not defined
  Line: 483
  Column: 30

-------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 487
  Column: 25

-------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 648
  Column: 13

------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 648 and p
  Line: 648
  Column: 36

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 618 and form
  Line: 650
  Column: 10

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 23: EntityRef: expecting ';'
  Line: 661
  Column: 84

---------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 617 and div
  Line: 673
  Column: 9

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 260 and body
  Line: 673
  Column: 16

--------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 255 and html
  Line: 674
  Column: 8

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag article line 253
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 243
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 241
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 240
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 174
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag body line 154
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag html line 3
  Line: 675
  Column: 1


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

    
    
    
    

<head>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
	<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="FSF, Free Software Foundation, Free Software, Libre Software" />
	<meta http-equiv="Description" content="The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom." />
	

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />

<base href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-foundation" /><!--[if lt IE 7]></base><![endif]-->


<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=0.6666; maximum-scale=1.0; minimum-scale=0.6666" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />


<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />
<title>Front Page &mdash; Free Software Foundation &mdash; working together for free software</title>




  <style type="text/css">
  .portlet-static-supporter,.portlet-static-appeal-portlet /*{display: 
none !important;}*/
  
  #breadcrumbs-you-are-here {display: none !important;}
  #fsf-sidebar {margin-top: 10px;}
  table, td, tr, tbody, thead{border: 0 !important;}
  
  ul.section-links a:link {
    color:black;
    text-decoration:none;
  }
  
  ul.section-links a:hover {
    color:#7f8c8d;
    text-decoration:underline;
  }
  
  ul.section-links > li:last-child {
    list-style-type: none;
  }
  
  input.form{
    padding: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-left-style: solid;
    border-right-style: solid;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-color: #CFD2D4;
    display: normal;
    margin-top: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    margin-left: 5px;
    margin-right: 5px;
  }
  
  input.form:focus
  {
    border-color: #e67e22;
    outline: 1;
    -webkit-box-shadow: none;
    box-shadow: none;
  }
  
  input.action-button
  {
    background-color: #c0392b;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 5px;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;
    border-top-left-radius: 5px;
    border-top-right-radius: 5px;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 16px;
    border-left-style: none;
    border-right-style: none;
    border-top-style: none;
  }
  
  h2.section-header{
    border-top-color:#e74c3c;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-width: 4px;
    color:#e74c3c;
    font-size: 20px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    padding-top: 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  
  /**
  * Nav bar should be at least as wide as the rest of the content
  * specified by the custom-doc class
  */
  #fsf-nav {
    min-width: 74.923em;
  }
  </style>





<link rel="copyright" title="Copyright information" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/rdf" />
<link rel="author" title="Author information" href="http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone3/css/print-2011-10-13.css" />
<style type="text/css" media="screen"> @import url('//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone4/css/fsf-2017-11-13.css');</style>
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF News" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/news.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Events" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/events.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Blogs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="Free Software Jobs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/jobs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="GNU Project News" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />






<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<style type="text/css">
	#breadcrumbs-you-are-here,
	#breadcrumbs-home,
	#breadcrumbs-current,
	#breadcrumbs-1 {
		display: none;
	}
	.GNUreleases{
		background-color: #ffffe3;
		border: 1px solid #000000;
		color: Black;
		font-weight: bold;
		width: 200px;
		padding: 10px;
	}
	#portal-languageselector {display: block; position: absolute !important; bottom: 1px; left: 1px;}
	.navi {
		margin-top: 0px;
	}

</style>
</head>
<body class="template-frontpage_view portaltype-document site-fsf section-free-software-foundation icons-on userrole-anonymous" dir="ltr">

<!-- This is where banners go -->

<!--
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/libreplanet/libreplanet-banner.html" width="100%" height="70" align="center"
    frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="margin-bottom: 25px;">
  </iframe>

    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2017fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; border: 0 none;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018libreplanet/" width="100%" height="91px" scrolling="no" style="min-width: 730px; overflow: hidden; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static1p.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-spring/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-fall/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
-->

            <!-- FSF MODAL WINDOW GOES HERE -->



<div id="coolio">
	<p class="onlyMobile"><a tabindex="1" href="#content">Skip to content</a>, <a tabindex="2" href="/sitemap#content">sitemap</a> or <a tabindex="3" href="/search_form#content">skip to search</a>.</p>
	<div id="hd" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 6px;" class="custom-doc visualNoPrint">
		<header>

			
			<a href="/">
				<img id="fsf-logo" style="position: absolute; bottom: 0px;" src="//static.fsf.org/common/img/logo-new.png" />
			</a>
			<div id="portal-personaltools-wrapper">

<div id="fsf-custom">

<h5 class="hiddenStructure">Personal tools</h5>

<ul id="portal-personaltools">
  

    
    <li>
       <a href="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/member-dashboard" id="personaltools-login">Log in</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="http://www.fsf.org/help-menu" id="personaltools-login-problems">Help!</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/about-the-members-forum" id="personaltools-forum-promo">Members forum</a>
  </li>
    

</ul>
</div>
</div>
			<a href="http://fsf.org/jfb">
				<img id="join-button" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/join.en.png" alt="Join now" style="float: right;" />
			</a>
		</header>
	</div>
	<div class="yui-g" id="fsf-nav">
		<div class="navi">
<div>
<div class="custom-doc">

<nav>
<ul class="main-nav navigation">
<li><a href="/about/" title="">About</a></li>
<li><a href="/campaigns/" title="">Campaigns</a></li>
<li><a href="/licensing/" title="">Licensing</a></li>
<li><a href="/associate/" title="">Membership</a></li>
<li><a href="/resources/" title="">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="/community/" title="">Community</a></li>
<li><a href="/donate/" title="">Donate</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shop.fsf.org/" title="">Shop</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>

</div>
</div>
</div>
	</div>


	<div class="custom-doc yui-t5">
		<div id="portal-column-content" class="cell width-3:4 position-0">
			
			<div class="">
			
			

    <dl class="portalMessage info" id="kssPortalMessage" style="display:none">
        <dt>Info</dt>
        <dd></dd>
    </dl>


			<article>
				
				<div id="content">
					
				


<div style="font-size:14px; text-align: left">
  
  <p style="padding: 10px 10px 7px 10px;	margin-bottom: 10px; 
font-weight: bold;	font-size: 16pt;">The Free Software Foundation 
(FSF) is a nonprofit with a worldwide mission to promote computer user 
freedom. We defend the rights of all software users. <a href="https://www.fsf.org/about/"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Read more.</span></a>
  </p>
  
<!-- <div style="background-color: #ecf0f1; text-align: center; 
margin-bottom: 15px; font-size: 14pt;"><p><b>We are hiring!</b> See our listing for an <a
href="resources/jobs/fsf-job-opportunity-outreach-communications-coordinator">Outreach & Communications Coordinator</a>.</p>
 </div>-->

<div style="float: left; width: 50%;">    
  <table cellspacing="20">
	<tr>
	  <td align="center" valign="center">

<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes"><img src="https://static.fsf.org/nosvn/libreplanet/2020/raffle.png" width="400" style="margin-top:1px;"></a> 

<p><strong><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes">LibrePlanet 2020 Member Drive.</a><br></strong>
Encourage others to join the FSF and win prizes!</p></td></tr>
</table></div> 
        <div style="margin-left: 530px">
        <p style="float: left;">Free software developers guarantee
 everyone equal rights to their programs; any user can study the source 
code, modify it, and share the program. By contrast, most software 
carries fine print that denies users these basic rights, leaving them 
susceptible to the whims of its owners and vulnerable to 
surveillance.</p>
        
        <ul style="float: left;">
          <li>The FSF provides critical infrastructure and funding
 for the <a href="https://gnu.org">GNU Project</a>, the 
foundation of the popular GNU/Linux family of free operating systems and
 the keystone of the Internet.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns">Campaigns Team</a> creates
 educational materials about free software, convenes the yearly <a href="https://libreplanet.org/conference">LibrePlanet 
conference</a> and goes toe to toe against powerful interests that
 threaten computer user rights.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/licensing">Licensing & Compliance 
Lab</a> defends freely licensed software from proprietary 
hoarding, advises on licensing issues, and certifies devices that <a href="https://www.fsf.org/ryf">Respect Your 
Freedom</a>.</li>
        </ul>
        <p style="float: left;"><strong>With your support, 
we've done these things for more than 30 years. Help sustain us for many more; <a href="https://fsf.org/jfb">please become a member 
today</a>.</strong></p>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-container">  
        <div class="search-box">
          <p class="search-description">
            Subscribe to our monthly newsletter, the <a href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-supporter/">Free Software 
Supporter</a>:
          </p>
          <form action="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile/create?reset=1&amp;gid=31" method="post">
          <input type="text" placeholder="Email address" name="email-Primary" size="25" maxlength="80" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Sign up" name="_qf_Edit_next">
          <input name="postURL" type="hidden" value="" />
          <input type="hidden" name="group[25]" value="1" />
          <input name="cancelURL" type="hidden" value="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile?reset=1&amp;gid=31" />
          <input name="_qf_default" type="hidden" value="Edit:cancel" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Search the FSF's Web site:
        </p>
        <form id="sidesearch" name="searchform" action="/search">
          <input name="SearchableText" type="text" size="25" title="Search Site" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Search" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Looking for free software?
        </p>
        <form action="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki">
          <input autocomplete="off" name="search" type="text" size="25" />
          <input class="action-button" name="go" value="Search" type="submit" />
          <input name="title" value="Special:Search" type="hidden" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
    </div>
    
    <blockquote>"I’ve spent a third of my life building software 
based on Stallman’s <a href="https://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">four 
freedoms</a>, and I’ve been astonished by the results. WordPress 
wouldn’t be here if it weren’t for those freedoms, and it couldn’t have 
evolved the way it has." - <a href="/working-together/profiles/matt-mullenweg">Matt 
Mullenweg</a>, co-founder of WordPress</blockquote>
    
    <h2 class="section-header">
      News&nbsp;
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/news.xml">
        <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="News 
RSS subscription button">
      </a>
    </h2>
    <ul class="section-links">
    <!-- Add static news links here -->
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-announces-freedom-respecting-videoconferencing-for-its-associate-members">Free Software Foundation announces freedom-respecting videoconferencing for its associate members</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-targets-microsofts-smart-assistant-in-new-campaign">Free Software Foundation targets Microsoft's smart assistant in new   campaign</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/lets-encrypt-jim-meyering-and-clarissa-lima-borges-receive-fsfs-2019-free-software-awards">Let's Encrypt, Jim Meyering, and Clarissa Lima Borges receive FSF's 2019 Free Software Awards</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/young-hackers-to-deliver-opening-keynote-for-libreplanet-conference">Young hackers to deliver opening keynote for LibrePlanet conference</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    » <a href="/news">More news</a>
  </li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Blog Posts&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Blog Posts RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static blog post links here -->
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/may-gnu-spotlight-with-mike-gerwitz-12-new-releases">May GNU Spotlight with Mike Gerwitz: 12 new releases!</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/don2019t-miss-your-chance-to-win-fabulous-prizes-get-your-friends-to-join-the-fsf">Don’t miss your chance to win fabulous prizes: Get your friends to join the FSF! </a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/microsoft-build-same-old-recycled-stuff-no-upcycling">Microsoft Build: Same old recycled stuff, no upcycling</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/remote-education-does-not-require-giving-up-rights-to-freedom-and-privacy">Remote education does not require giving up rights to freedom and privacy</a>
</li>
<li>
  » <a href="/blogs">More blog posts</a>
</li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Take Action</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes">
Participate in the virtual LibrePlanet raffle!
</a></li>
<li>
<a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:FSF_Community_Team">
Get involved: join the FSF Community Team!
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/hackers-and-hospitals-how-you-can-help">
HACKERS and HOSPITALS: Help to fight COVID-19 with free software</a></li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/surveillance">
      Protect your freedom and privacy; join us in creating an Internet 
that's safer from surveillance
    </a>
  </li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/working-together/moving">Make the switch to free software</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Bulletin</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/building-ethical-software-based-on-the-four-freedoms">
Building ethical software based on the four freedoms
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/the-respects-your-freedom-ryf-certification-process">
The Respects Your Freedom (RYF) certification process
</a>
</li>
<li>» <a href="https://fsf.org/bulletin/">Past Bulletin issues</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Events&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/events.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Events RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static event links here -->
<li>
  » <a href="/events">More events</a>
</li>
</ul>

</div>


</div>

</article>

</div>

<div id="viewlet-below-content">





</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="visualNoPrint" id="mission-statement">
	<p class="c">The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom &mdash; <a href="/about">learn about our history and work.</a></p>
</div>
<div id="ft" class="visualNoPrint">
	<footer>
		<div id="ft-inner" class="custom-doc">
			<div id="copyright">
				<p class="c">Copyright &copy; 2004-2020 <a href="/about/contact.html" title="Find out how to contact us">Free
					Software Foundation</a>, Inc. <a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a>.</p>
					<p>This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/">Creative
						Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0 license (or later
						version)</a> &mdash; <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OpinionLicenses">Why this license?</a></p>
					</div>
					<div id="fsf-links-outer">
						<div class="yui-g visualNoPrint noMobile" id="fsf-links">
							<div>
    <nav>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-1">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip sitemap</a> or <a href="#sitemap-2">skip to licensing items</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="/about/">About</a>

        <ul>
       
          <li><a href="/about/staff-and-board">Staff and Board</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about/contact.html">Contact Us</a></li>
          <li><a href="/press">Press Information</a></li>
          <li><a href="/resources/jobs">Jobs</a></li>
          <li><a href="/volunteer">Volunteering and Internships</a></li>
          
        </ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://weblabels.fsf.org/www.fsf.org/CURRENT/" rel="jslicense">JavaScript Licenses</a></li>
        <li><a href="/resources/hw">Hardware Database</a></li>
      <li><a href="http://directory.fsf.org">Free Software Directory</a></li>

        <li><a href="/resources/">Free Software Resources</a></li>
        <li><a href="/about/dmca-notice">Copyright Infringement Notification</a></li>
      </ul>

    </div>

    <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-2">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-3">Skip to general items</a></p>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns">Campaigns</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/priority-projects/">High Priority Free Software Projects</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/freejs/">Free JavaScript</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/campaigns/secure-boot-vs-restricted-boot/">Secure Boot vs Restricted Boot</a></li>
        <li><a href="/windows/">Upgrade from Windows</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/surveillance/">Surveillance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/">GNU Operating System</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://defectivebydesign.org/">Defective by Design</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://endsoftpatents.org/">End Software Patents</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/opendocument/">OpenDocument</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/free-bios.html">Free BIOS</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://libreplanet.org/">Connect with free software users</a></li>
      </ul></li></ul>

    
    </div>
    </div>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-3">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-4">Skip to philosophical items</a></p>
           <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing">Licensing</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing/education">Education</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/licenses">Licenses</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU GPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html">GNU AGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU LGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU FDL</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html">Licensing FAQ</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/compliance">Compliance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-howto.html">How to use GNU licenses for your own software</a></li></ul></li>

      </ul>

      <ul>

      <li><a href="/news/">Latest News</a><ul>
        <li><a href="/events/">Upcoming Events</a></li>
      <li><a href="/blogs/">FSF Blogs</a></li></ul></li>
      
      </ul>

      
    </div>
        <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-4">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip list</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="http://donate.fsf.org">Donate to the FSF</a></li>
        <li><a href="/jfb">Join the FSF</a></li>
      <li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/patrons">Patrons</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/">Associate Members</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/account/">My Account</a></li>
      <li><a href="/working-together/fund">Working Together for Free Software Fund</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">Philosophy</a><ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">The Free Software Definition</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and Free Manuals</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling.html">Selling Free Software</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html">Motives for Writing Free Software</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html">The Right To Read</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="/sitemap">Complete Sitemap</a></li>
      </ul>
      
    </div>
    </div>
</nav>

</div>
						</div>
					</div>
				</div>
			</footer>
		</div>
		<div class="c visualNoPrint noMobile" id="powered-by">
			<h5 class="netscape4">fsf.org is powered by:</h5>
			<ul>
				<li id="powered-by-plone"><a href="http://plone.org" title="Plone Powered">Plone</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-zope"><a href="http://zope.org" title="Powered by Zope">Zope</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-python"><a href="http://python.org" title="Powered by Python">Python</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-civicrm"><a href="http://civicrm.org" title="Powered by CiviCRM">CiviCRM</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-html5"><a href="http://www.w3.org/html">HTML5</a></li>
			</ul>
		</div>
		<form class="c" action="./" method="get" id="choose-language">
			<p><select name="set_language">
				<option value="ar">Arabic</option>
				<option value="be">Belarussian</option>
				<option value="bg">Bulgarian</option>
				<option value="ca">Catalan</option>
				<option value="zh">Chinese</option>
				<option value="kw">Cornish</option>
				<option value="cs">Czech</option>
				<option value="da">Danish</option>
				<option value="en" selected="selected">English</option>
				<option value="fr">French</option>
				<option value="de">German</option>
				<option value="el">Greek</option>
				<option value="he">Hebrew</option>
				<option value="hi">Hindi</option>
				<option value="it">Italian</option>
				<option value="ja">Japanese</option>
				<option value="ko">Korean</option>
				<option value="no">Norwegian</option>
				<option value="pl">Polish</option>
				<option value="pt">Portuguese</option>
				<option value="pt-br">Portuguese (Brazil)</option>
				<option value="ro">Romanian</option>
				<option value="ru">Russian</option>
				<option value="sk">Slovak</option>
				<option value="es">Spanish</option>
				<option value="sv">Swedish</option>
				<option value="tr">Turkish</option>
				<option value="ur">Urdu</option>
				<option value="cy">Welsh</option>
			</select> &nbsp; <input type="submit" value="Select language"></p>
			<p><small>Send your feedback on our translations and new translations of pages to <a href="mailto:campaigns@fsf.org">campaigns@fsf.org</a>.</small></p>
		</form>
<div style="width:100%;"><center>
      <span style="color:#fff;text-align:right;">1PC9aZC4hNX2rmmrt7uHTfYAS3hRbph4UN</span>
</center>
<div>
	</div>
	<script>
	</script>

        <!-- Piwik -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
        // @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:c80d50af7d3db9be66a4d0a86db0286e4fd33292&dn=bsd-3-clause.txt BSD-3-Clause
                var pkBaseURL = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://piwik.fsf.org/" : "http://piwik.fsf.org/");
                document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + pkBaseURL + "piwik.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
        try {
                var piwikTracker = Piwik.getTracker(pkBaseURL + "piwik.php", 5);
                piwikTracker.trackPageView();
                piwikTracker.enableLinkTracking();
        } catch( err ) {}
        // @license-end
</script><noscript><p><img src="//piwik.fsf.org/piwik.php?idsite=5" style="border:0" alt="" /></p></noscript>
<!-- End Piwik Tracking Code -->

</div></div></body>
</html>


log:
--------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 26

-----------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 59

----------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 278 and a
  Line: 278
  Column: 34

-----------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: br line 280 and strong
  Line: 280
  Column: 65

-----------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: strong line 280 and p
  Line: 281
  Column: 53

----------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 280 and td
  Line: 281
  Column: 58

---------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 278 and tr
  Line: 281
  Column: 63

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: td line 276 and table
  Line: 282
  Column: 10

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: tr line 275 and div
  Line: 282
  Column: 16

--------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 68: xmlParseEntityRef: no name
  Line: 300
  Column: 38

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 318 and form
  Line: 323
  Column: 16

-------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 316 and div
  Line: 324
  Column: 13

-----------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 357
  Column: 17

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 359 and a
  Line: 361
  Column: 11

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 358 and h2
  Line: 362
  Column: 10

-------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 383
  Column: 19

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 385 and a
  Line: 386
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 384 and h2
  Line: 387
  Column: 6

---------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 445
  Column: 15

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 447 and a
  Line: 448
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 446 and h2
  Line: 449
  Column: 6

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 444 and div
  Line: 458
  Column: 7

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 382 and div
  Line: 461
  Column: 7

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 356 and article
  Line: 463
  Column: 11

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: table line 274 and div
  Line: 474
  Column: 7

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 477
  Column: 92

------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'copy' not defined
  Line: 483
  Column: 30

-------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 487
  Column: 25

-------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 648
  Column: 13

------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 648 and p
  Line: 648
  Column: 36

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 618 and form
  Line: 650
  Column: 10

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 23: EntityRef: expecting ';'
  Line: 661
  Column: 84

---------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 617 and div
  Line: 673
  Column: 9

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 260 and body
  Line: 673
  Column: 16

--------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 255 and html
  Line: 674
  Column: 8

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag article line 253
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 243
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 241
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 240
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 174
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag body line 154
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag html line 3
  Line: 675
  Column: 1


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

    
    
    
    

<head>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
	<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="FSF, Free Software Foundation, Free Software, Libre Software" />
	<meta http-equiv="Description" content="The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom." />
	

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />

<base href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-foundation" /><!--[if lt IE 7]></base><![endif]-->


<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=0.6666; maximum-scale=1.0; minimum-scale=0.6666" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />


<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />
<title>Front Page &mdash; Free Software Foundation &mdash; working together for free software</title>




  <style type="text/css">
  .portlet-static-supporter,.portlet-static-appeal-portlet /*{display: 
none !important;}*/
  
  #breadcrumbs-you-are-here {display: none !important;}
  #fsf-sidebar {margin-top: 10px;}
  table, td, tr, tbody, thead{border: 0 !important;}
  
  ul.section-links a:link {
    color:black;
    text-decoration:none;
  }
  
  ul.section-links a:hover {
    color:#7f8c8d;
    text-decoration:underline;
  }
  
  ul.section-links > li:last-child {
    list-style-type: none;
  }
  
  input.form{
    padding: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-left-style: solid;
    border-right-style: solid;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-color: #CFD2D4;
    display: normal;
    margin-top: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    margin-left: 5px;
    margin-right: 5px;
  }
  
  input.form:focus
  {
    border-color: #e67e22;
    outline: 1;
    -webkit-box-shadow: none;
    box-shadow: none;
  }
  
  input.action-button
  {
    background-color: #c0392b;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 5px;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;
    border-top-left-radius: 5px;
    border-top-right-radius: 5px;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 16px;
    border-left-style: none;
    border-right-style: none;
    border-top-style: none;
  }
  
  h2.section-header{
    border-top-color:#e74c3c;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-width: 4px;
    color:#e74c3c;
    font-size: 20px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    padding-top: 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  
  /**
  * Nav bar should be at least as wide as the rest of the content
  * specified by the custom-doc class
  */
  #fsf-nav {
    min-width: 74.923em;
  }
  </style>





<link rel="copyright" title="Copyright information" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/rdf" />
<link rel="author" title="Author information" href="http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone3/css/print-2011-10-13.css" />
<style type="text/css" media="screen"> @import url('//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone4/css/fsf-2017-11-13.css');</style>
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF News" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/news.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Events" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/events.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Blogs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="Free Software Jobs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/jobs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="GNU Project News" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />






<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<style type="text/css">
	#breadcrumbs-you-are-here,
	#breadcrumbs-home,
	#breadcrumbs-current,
	#breadcrumbs-1 {
		display: none;
	}
	.GNUreleases{
		background-color: #ffffe3;
		border: 1px solid #000000;
		color: Black;
		font-weight: bold;
		width: 200px;
		padding: 10px;
	}
	#portal-languageselector {display: block; position: absolute !important; bottom: 1px; left: 1px;}
	.navi {
		margin-top: 0px;
	}

</style>
</head>
<body dir="ltr" class="template-frontpage_view portaltype-document site-fsf section-free-software-foundation icons-on userrole-anonymous">

<!-- This is where banners go -->

<!--
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/libreplanet/libreplanet-banner.html" width="100%" height="70" align="center"
    frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="margin-bottom: 25px;">
  </iframe>

    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2017fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; border: 0 none;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018libreplanet/" width="100%" height="91px" scrolling="no" style="min-width: 730px; overflow: hidden; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static1p.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-spring/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-fall/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
-->

            <!-- FSF MODAL WINDOW GOES HERE -->



<div id="coolio">
	<p class="onlyMobile"><a tabindex="1" href="#content">Skip to content</a>, <a tabindex="2" href="/sitemap#content">sitemap</a> or <a tabindex="3" href="/search_form#content">skip to search</a>.</p>
	<div id="hd" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 6px;" class="custom-doc visualNoPrint">
		<header>

			
			<a href="/">
				<img id="fsf-logo" style="position: absolute; bottom: 0px;" src="//static.fsf.org/common/img/logo-new.png" />
			</a>
			<div id="portal-personaltools-wrapper">

<div id="fsf-custom">

<h5 class="hiddenStructure">Personal tools</h5>

<ul id="portal-personaltools">
  

    
    <li>
       <a href="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/member-dashboard" id="personaltools-login">Log in</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="http://www.fsf.org/help-menu" id="personaltools-login-problems">Help!</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/about-the-members-forum" id="personaltools-forum-promo">Members forum</a>
  </li>
    

</ul>
</div>
</div>
			<a href="http://fsf.org/jfb">
				<img id="join-button" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/join.en.png" alt="Join now" style="float: right;" />
			</a>
		</header>
	</div>
	<div class="yui-g" id="fsf-nav">
		<div class="navi">
<div>
<div class="custom-doc">

<nav>
<ul class="main-nav navigation">
<li><a href="/about/" title="">About</a></li>
<li><a href="/campaigns/" title="">Campaigns</a></li>
<li><a href="/licensing/" title="">Licensing</a></li>
<li><a href="/associate/" title="">Membership</a></li>
<li><a href="/resources/" title="">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="/community/" title="">Community</a></li>
<li><a href="/donate/" title="">Donate</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shop.fsf.org/" title="">Shop</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>

</div>
</div>
</div>
	</div>


	<div class="custom-doc yui-t5">
		<div id="portal-column-content" class="cell width-3:4 position-0">
			
			<div class="">
			
			

    <dl class="portalMessage info" id="kssPortalMessage" style="display:none">
        <dt>Info</dt>
        <dd></dd>
    </dl>


			<article>
				
				<div id="content">
					
				


<div style="font-size:14px; text-align: left">
  
  <p style="padding: 10px 10px 7px 10px;	margin-bottom: 10px; 
font-weight: bold;	font-size: 16pt;">The Free Software Foundation 
(FSF) is a nonprofit with a worldwide mission to promote computer user 
freedom. We defend the rights of all software users. <a href="https://www.fsf.org/about/"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Read more.</span></a>
  </p>
  
<!-- <div style="background-color: #ecf0f1; text-align: center; 
margin-bottom: 15px; font-size: 14pt;"><p><b>We are hiring!</b> See our listing for an <a
href="resources/jobs/fsf-job-opportunity-outreach-communications-coordinator">Outreach & Communications Coordinator</a>.</p>
 </div>-->

<div style="float: left; width: 50%;">    
  <table cellspacing="20">
	<tr>
	  <td align="center" valign="center">

<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes"><img src="https://static.fsf.org/nosvn/libreplanet/2020/raffle.png" width="400" style="margin-top:1px;"></a> 

<p><strong><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes">LibrePlanet 2020 Member Drive.</a><br></strong>
Encourage others to join the FSF and win prizes!</p></td></tr>
</table></div> 
        <div style="margin-left: 530px">
        <p style="float: left;">Free software developers guarantee
 everyone equal rights to their programs; any user can study the source 
code, modify it, and share the program. By contrast, most software 
carries fine print that denies users these basic rights, leaving them 
susceptible to the whims of its owners and vulnerable to 
surveillance.</p>
        
        <ul style="float: left;">
          <li>The FSF provides critical infrastructure and funding
 for the <a href="https://gnu.org">GNU Project</a>, the 
foundation of the popular GNU/Linux family of free operating systems and
 the keystone of the Internet.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns">Campaigns Team</a> creates
 educational materials about free software, convenes the yearly <a href="https://libreplanet.org/conference">LibrePlanet 
conference</a> and goes toe to toe against powerful interests that
 threaten computer user rights.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/licensing">Licensing & Compliance 
Lab</a> defends freely licensed software from proprietary 
hoarding, advises on licensing issues, and certifies devices that <a href="https://www.fsf.org/ryf">Respect Your 
Freedom</a>.</li>
        </ul>
        <p style="float: left;"><strong>With your support, 
we've done these things for more than 30 years. Help sustain us for many more; <a href="https://fsf.org/jfb">please become a member 
today</a>.</strong></p>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-container">  
        <div class="search-box">
          <p class="search-description">
            Subscribe to our monthly newsletter, the <a href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-supporter/">Free Software 
Supporter</a>:
          </p>
          <form action="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile/create?reset=1&amp;gid=31" method="post">
          <input type="text" placeholder="Email address" name="email-Primary" size="25" maxlength="80" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Sign up" name="_qf_Edit_next">
          <input name="postURL" type="hidden" value="" />
          <input type="hidden" name="group[25]" value="1" />
          <input name="cancelURL" type="hidden" value="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile?reset=1&amp;gid=31" />
          <input name="_qf_default" type="hidden" value="Edit:cancel" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Search the FSF's Web site:
        </p>
        <form id="sidesearch" name="searchform" action="/search">
          <input name="SearchableText" type="text" size="25" title="Search Site" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Search" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Looking for free software?
        </p>
        <form action="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki">
          <input autocomplete="off" name="search" type="text" size="25" />
          <input class="action-button" name="go" value="Search" type="submit" />
          <input name="title" value="Special:Search" type="hidden" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
    </div>
    
    <blockquote>"I’ve spent a third of my life building software 
based on Stallman’s <a href="https://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">four 
freedoms</a>, and I’ve been astonished by the results. WordPress 
wouldn’t be here if it weren’t for those freedoms, and it couldn’t have 
evolved the way it has." - <a href="/working-together/profiles/matt-mullenweg">Matt 
Mullenweg</a>, co-founder of WordPress</blockquote>
    
    <h2 class="section-header">
      News&nbsp;
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/news.xml">
        <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="News 
RSS subscription button">
      </a>
    </h2>
    <ul class="section-links">
    <!-- Add static news links here -->
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-announces-freedom-respecting-videoconferencing-for-its-associate-members">Free Software Foundation announces freedom-respecting videoconferencing for its associate members</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-targets-microsofts-smart-assistant-in-new-campaign">Free Software Foundation targets Microsoft's smart assistant in new   campaign</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/lets-encrypt-jim-meyering-and-clarissa-lima-borges-receive-fsfs-2019-free-software-awards">Let's Encrypt, Jim Meyering, and Clarissa Lima Borges receive FSF's 2019 Free Software Awards</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/young-hackers-to-deliver-opening-keynote-for-libreplanet-conference">Young hackers to deliver opening keynote for LibrePlanet conference</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    » <a href="/news">More news</a>
  </li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Blog Posts&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Blog Posts RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static blog post links here -->
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/fsf-gives-freedom-respecting-videoconferencing-to-all-associate-members">FSF gives freedom-respecting videoconferencing to all associate members</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/may-gnu-spotlight-with-mike-gerwitz-12-new-releases">May GNU Spotlight with Mike Gerwitz: 12 new releases!</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/don2019t-miss-your-chance-to-win-fabulous-prizes-get-your-friends-to-join-the-fsf">Don’t miss your chance to win fabulous prizes: Get your friends to join the FSF! </a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/microsoft-build-same-old-recycled-stuff-no-upcycling">Microsoft Build: Same old recycled stuff, no upcycling</a>
</li>
<li>
  » <a href="/blogs">More blog posts</a>
</li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Take Action</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes">
Participate in the virtual LibrePlanet raffle!
</a></li>
<li>
<a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:FSF_Community_Team">
Get involved: join the FSF Community Team!
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/hackers-and-hospitals-how-you-can-help">
HACKERS and HOSPITALS: Help to fight COVID-19 with free software</a></li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/surveillance">
      Protect your freedom and privacy; join us in creating an Internet 
that's safer from surveillance
    </a>
  </li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/working-together/moving">Make the switch to free software</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Bulletin</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/building-ethical-software-based-on-the-four-freedoms">
Building ethical software based on the four freedoms
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/the-respects-your-freedom-ryf-certification-process">
The Respects Your Freedom (RYF) certification process
</a>
</li>
<li>» <a href="https://fsf.org/bulletin/">Past Bulletin issues</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Events&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/events.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Events RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static event links here -->
<li>
  » <a href="/events">More events</a>
</li>
</ul>

</div>


</div>

</article>

</div>

<div id="viewlet-below-content">





</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="visualNoPrint" id="mission-statement">
	<p class="c">The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom &mdash; <a href="/about">learn about our history and work.</a></p>
</div>
<div id="ft" class="visualNoPrint">
	<footer>
		<div id="ft-inner" class="custom-doc">
			<div id="copyright">
				<p class="c">Copyright &copy; 2004-2020 <a href="/about/contact.html" title="Find out how to contact us">Free
					Software Foundation</a>, Inc. <a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a>.</p>
					<p>This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/">Creative
						Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0 license (or later
						version)</a> &mdash; <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OpinionLicenses">Why this license?</a></p>
					</div>
					<div id="fsf-links-outer">
						<div class="yui-g visualNoPrint noMobile" id="fsf-links">
							<div>
    <nav>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-1">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip sitemap</a> or <a href="#sitemap-2">skip to licensing items</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="/about/">About</a>

        <ul>
       
          <li><a href="/about/staff-and-board">Staff and Board</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about/contact.html">Contact Us</a></li>
          <li><a href="/press">Press Information</a></li>
          <li><a href="/resources/jobs">Jobs</a></li>
          <li><a href="/volunteer">Volunteering and Internships</a></li>
          
        </ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://weblabels.fsf.org/www.fsf.org/CURRENT/" rel="jslicense">JavaScript Licenses</a></li>
        <li><a href="/resources/hw">Hardware Database</a></li>
      <li><a href="http://directory.fsf.org">Free Software Directory</a></li>

        <li><a href="/resources/">Free Software Resources</a></li>
        <li><a href="/about/dmca-notice">Copyright Infringement Notification</a></li>
      </ul>

    </div>

    <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-2">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-3">Skip to general items</a></p>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns">Campaigns</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/priority-projects/">High Priority Free Software Projects</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/freejs/">Free JavaScript</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/campaigns/secure-boot-vs-restricted-boot/">Secure Boot vs Restricted Boot</a></li>
        <li><a href="/windows/">Upgrade from Windows</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/surveillance/">Surveillance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/">GNU Operating System</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://defectivebydesign.org/">Defective by Design</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://endsoftpatents.org/">End Software Patents</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/opendocument/">OpenDocument</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/free-bios.html">Free BIOS</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://libreplanet.org/">Connect with free software users</a></li>
      </ul></li></ul>

    
    </div>
    </div>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-3">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-4">Skip to philosophical items</a></p>
           <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing">Licensing</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing/education">Education</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/licenses">Licenses</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU GPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html">GNU AGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU LGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU FDL</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html">Licensing FAQ</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/compliance">Compliance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-howto.html">How to use GNU licenses for your own software</a></li></ul></li>

      </ul>

      <ul>

      <li><a href="/news/">Latest News</a><ul>
        <li><a href="/events/">Upcoming Events</a></li>
      <li><a href="/blogs/">FSF Blogs</a></li></ul></li>
      
      </ul>

      
    </div>
        <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-4">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip list</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="http://donate.fsf.org">Donate to the FSF</a></li>
        <li><a href="/jfb">Join the FSF</a></li>
      <li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/patrons">Patrons</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/">Associate Members</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/account/">My Account</a></li>
      <li><a href="/working-together/fund">Working Together for Free Software Fund</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">Philosophy</a><ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">The Free Software Definition</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and Free Manuals</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling.html">Selling Free Software</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html">Motives for Writing Free Software</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html">The Right To Read</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="/sitemap">Complete Sitemap</a></li>
      </ul>
      
    </div>
    </div>
</nav>

</div>
						</div>
					</div>
				</div>
			</footer>
		</div>
		<div class="c visualNoPrint noMobile" id="powered-by">
			<h5 class="netscape4">fsf.org is powered by:</h5>
			<ul>
				<li id="powered-by-plone"><a href="http://plone.org" title="Plone Powered">Plone</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-zope"><a href="http://zope.org" title="Powered by Zope">Zope</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-python"><a href="http://python.org" title="Powered by Python">Python</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-civicrm"><a href="http://civicrm.org" title="Powered by CiviCRM">CiviCRM</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-html5"><a href="http://www.w3.org/html">HTML5</a></li>
			</ul>
		</div>
		<form class="c" action="./" method="get" id="choose-language">
			<p><select name="set_language">
				<option value="ar">Arabic</option>
				<option value="be">Belarussian</option>
				<option value="bg">Bulgarian</option>
				<option value="ca">Catalan</option>
				<option value="zh">Chinese</option>
				<option value="kw">Cornish</option>
				<option value="cs">Czech</option>
				<option value="da">Danish</option>
				<option value="en" selected="selected">English</option>
				<option value="fr">French</option>
				<option value="de">German</option>
				<option value="el">Greek</option>
				<option value="he">Hebrew</option>
				<option value="hi">Hindi</option>
				<option value="it">Italian</option>
				<option value="ja">Japanese</option>
				<option value="ko">Korean</option>
				<option value="no">Norwegian</option>
				<option value="pl">Polish</option>
				<option value="pt">Portuguese</option>
				<option value="pt-br">Portuguese (Brazil)</option>
				<option value="ro">Romanian</option>
				<option value="ru">Russian</option>
				<option value="sk">Slovak</option>
				<option value="es">Spanish</option>
				<option value="sv">Swedish</option>
				<option value="tr">Turkish</option>
				<option value="ur">Urdu</option>
				<option value="cy">Welsh</option>
			</select> &nbsp; <input type="submit" value="Select language"></p>
			<p><small>Send your feedback on our translations and new translations of pages to <a href="mailto:campaigns@fsf.org">campaigns@fsf.org</a>.</small></p>
		</form>
<div style="width:100%;"><center>
      <span style="color:#fff;text-align:right;">1PC9aZC4hNX2rmmrt7uHTfYAS3hRbph4UN</span>
</center>
<div>
	</div>
	<script>
	</script>

        <!-- Piwik -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
        // @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:c80d50af7d3db9be66a4d0a86db0286e4fd33292&dn=bsd-3-clause.txt BSD-3-Clause
                var pkBaseURL = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://piwik.fsf.org/" : "http://piwik.fsf.org/");
                document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + pkBaseURL + "piwik.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
        try {
                var piwikTracker = Piwik.getTracker(pkBaseURL + "piwik.php", 5);
                piwikTracker.trackPageView();
                piwikTracker.enableLinkTracking();
        } catch( err ) {}
        // @license-end
</script><noscript><p><img src="//piwik.fsf.org/piwik.php?idsite=5" style="border:0" alt="" /></p></noscript>
<!-- End Piwik Tracking Code -->

</div></div></body>
</html>


log:
--------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 26

-----------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 59

----------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 278 and a
  Line: 278
  Column: 34

-----------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: br line 280 and strong
  Line: 280
  Column: 65

-----------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: strong line 280 and p
  Line: 281
  Column: 53

----------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 280 and td
  Line: 281
  Column: 58

---------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 278 and tr
  Line: 281
  Column: 63

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: td line 276 and table
  Line: 282
  Column: 10

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: tr line 275 and div
  Line: 282
  Column: 16

--------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 68: xmlParseEntityRef: no name
  Line: 300
  Column: 38

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 318 and form
  Line: 323
  Column: 16

-------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 316 and div
  Line: 324
  Column: 13

-----------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 357
  Column: 17

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 359 and a
  Line: 361
  Column: 11

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 358 and h2
  Line: 362
  Column: 10

-------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 383
  Column: 19

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 385 and a
  Line: 386
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 384 and h2
  Line: 387
  Column: 6

---------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 445
  Column: 15

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 447 and a
  Line: 448
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 446 and h2
  Line: 449
  Column: 6

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 444 and div
  Line: 458
  Column: 7

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 382 and div
  Line: 461
  Column: 7

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 356 and article
  Line: 463
  Column: 11

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: table line 274 and div
  Line: 474
  Column: 7

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 477
  Column: 92

------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'copy' not defined
  Line: 483
  Column: 30

-------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 487
  Column: 25

-------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 648
  Column: 13

------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 648 and p
  Line: 648
  Column: 36

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 618 and form
  Line: 650
  Column: 10

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 23: EntityRef: expecting ';'
  Line: 661
  Column: 84

---------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 617 and div
  Line: 673
  Column: 9

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 260 and body
  Line: 673
  Column: 16

--------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 255 and html
  Line: 674
  Column: 8

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag article line 253
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 243
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 241
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 240
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 174
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag body line 154
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag html line 3
  Line: 675
  Column: 1


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

    
    
    
    

<head>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
	<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="FSF, Free Software Foundation, Free Software, Libre Software" />
	<meta http-equiv="Description" content="The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom." />
	

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />

<base href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-foundation" /><!--[if lt IE 7]></base><![endif]-->


<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=0.6666; maximum-scale=1.0; minimum-scale=0.6666" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />


<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />
<title>Front Page &mdash; Free Software Foundation &mdash; working together for free software</title>




  <style type="text/css">
  .portlet-static-supporter,.portlet-static-appeal-portlet /*{display: 
none !important;}*/
  
  #breadcrumbs-you-are-here {display: none !important;}
  #fsf-sidebar {margin-top: 10px;}
  table, td, tr, tbody, thead{border: 0 !important;}
  
  ul.section-links a:link {
    color:black;
    text-decoration:none;
  }
  
  ul.section-links a:hover {
    color:#7f8c8d;
    text-decoration:underline;
  }
  
  ul.section-links > li:last-child {
    list-style-type: none;
  }
  
  input.form{
    padding: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-left-style: solid;
    border-right-style: solid;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-color: #CFD2D4;
    display: normal;
    margin-top: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    margin-left: 5px;
    margin-right: 5px;
  }
  
  input.form:focus
  {
    border-color: #e67e22;
    outline: 1;
    -webkit-box-shadow: none;
    box-shadow: none;
  }
  
  input.action-button
  {
    background-color: #c0392b;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 5px;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;
    border-top-left-radius: 5px;
    border-top-right-radius: 5px;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 16px;
    border-left-style: none;
    border-right-style: none;
    border-top-style: none;
  }
  
  h2.section-header{
    border-top-color:#e74c3c;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-width: 4px;
    color:#e74c3c;
    font-size: 20px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    padding-top: 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  
  /**
  * Nav bar should be at least as wide as the rest of the content
  * specified by the custom-doc class
  */
  #fsf-nav {
    min-width: 74.923em;
  }
  </style>





<link rel="copyright" title="Copyright information" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/rdf" />
<link rel="author" title="Author information" href="http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone3/css/print-2011-10-13.css" />
<style type="text/css" media="screen"> @import url('//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone4/css/fsf-2017-11-13.css');</style>
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF News" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/news.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Events" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/events.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Blogs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="Free Software Jobs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/jobs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="GNU Project News" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />






<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<style type="text/css">
	#breadcrumbs-you-are-here,
	#breadcrumbs-home,
	#breadcrumbs-current,
	#breadcrumbs-1 {
		display: none;
	}
	.GNUreleases{
		background-color: #ffffe3;
		border: 1px solid #000000;
		color: Black;
		font-weight: bold;
		width: 200px;
		padding: 10px;
	}
	#portal-languageselector {display: block; position: absolute !important; bottom: 1px; left: 1px;}
	.navi {
		margin-top: 0px;
	}

</style>
</head>
<body dir="ltr" class="template-frontpage_view portaltype-document site-fsf section-free-software-foundation icons-on userrole-anonymous">

<!-- This is where banners go -->

<!--
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/libreplanet/libreplanet-banner.html" width="100%" height="70" align="center"
    frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="margin-bottom: 25px;">
  </iframe>

    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2017fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; border: 0 none;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018libreplanet/" width="100%" height="91px" scrolling="no" style="min-width: 730px; overflow: hidden; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static1p.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-spring/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-fall/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
-->

            <!-- FSF MODAL WINDOW GOES HERE -->



<div id="coolio">
	<p class="onlyMobile"><a tabindex="1" href="#content">Skip to content</a>, <a tabindex="2" href="/sitemap#content">sitemap</a> or <a tabindex="3" href="/search_form#content">skip to search</a>.</p>
	<div id="hd" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 6px;" class="custom-doc visualNoPrint">
		<header>

			
			<a href="/">
				<img id="fsf-logo" style="position: absolute; bottom: 0px;" src="//static.fsf.org/common/img/logo-new.png" />
			</a>
			<div id="portal-personaltools-wrapper">

<div id="fsf-custom">

<h5 class="hiddenStructure">Personal tools</h5>

<ul id="portal-personaltools">
  

    
    <li>
       <a href="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/member-dashboard" id="personaltools-login">Log in</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="http://www.fsf.org/help-menu" id="personaltools-login-problems">Help!</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/about-the-members-forum" id="personaltools-forum-promo">Members forum</a>
  </li>
    

</ul>
</div>
</div>
			<a href="http://fsf.org/jfb">
				<img id="join-button" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/join.en.png" alt="Join now" style="float: right;" />
			</a>
		</header>
	</div>
	<div class="yui-g" id="fsf-nav">
		<div class="navi">
<div>
<div class="custom-doc">

<nav>
<ul class="main-nav navigation">
<li><a href="/about/" title="">About</a></li>
<li><a href="/campaigns/" title="">Campaigns</a></li>
<li><a href="/licensing/" title="">Licensing</a></li>
<li><a href="/associate/" title="">Membership</a></li>
<li><a href="/resources/" title="">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="/community/" title="">Community</a></li>
<li><a href="/donate/" title="">Donate</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shop.fsf.org/" title="">Shop</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>

</div>
</div>
</div>
	</div>


	<div class="custom-doc yui-t5">
		<div id="portal-column-content" class="cell width-3:4 position-0">
			
			<div class="">
			
			

    <dl class="portalMessage info" id="kssPortalMessage" style="display:none">
        <dt>Info</dt>
        <dd></dd>
    </dl>


			<article>
				
				<div id="content">
					
				


<div style="font-size:14px; text-align: left">
  
  <p style="padding: 10px 10px 7px 10px;	margin-bottom: 10px; 
font-weight: bold;	font-size: 16pt;">The Free Software Foundation 
(FSF) is a nonprofit with a worldwide mission to promote computer user 
freedom. We defend the rights of all software users. <a href="https://www.fsf.org/about/"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Read more.</span></a>
  </p>
  
<!-- <div style="background-color: #ecf0f1; text-align: center; 
margin-bottom: 15px; font-size: 14pt;"><p><b>We are hiring!</b> See our listing for an <a
href="resources/jobs/fsf-job-opportunity-outreach-communications-coordinator">Outreach & Communications Coordinator</a>.</p>
 </div>-->

<div style="float: left; width: 50%;">    
  <table cellspacing="20">
	<tr>
	  <td align="center" valign="center">

<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes"><img src="https://static.fsf.org/nosvn/libreplanet/2020/raffle.png" width="400" style="margin-top:1px;"></a> 

<p><strong><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes">LibrePlanet 2020 Member Drive.</a><br></strong>
Encourage others to join the FSF and win prizes!</p></td></tr>
</table></div> 
        <div style="margin-left: 530px">
        <p style="float: left;">Free software developers guarantee
 everyone equal rights to their programs; any user can study the source 
code, modify it, and share the program. By contrast, most software 
carries fine print that denies users these basic rights, leaving them 
susceptible to the whims of its owners and vulnerable to 
surveillance.</p>
        
        <ul style="float: left;">
          <li>The FSF provides critical infrastructure and funding
 for the <a href="https://gnu.org">GNU Project</a>, the 
foundation of the popular GNU/Linux family of free operating systems and
 the keystone of the Internet.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns">Campaigns Team</a> creates
 educational materials about free software, convenes the yearly <a href="https://libreplanet.org/conference">LibrePlanet 
conference</a> and goes toe to toe against powerful interests that
 threaten computer user rights.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/licensing">Licensing & Compliance 
Lab</a> defends freely licensed software from proprietary 
hoarding, advises on licensing issues, and certifies devices that <a href="https://www.fsf.org/ryf">Respect Your 
Freedom</a>.</li>
        </ul>
        <p style="float: left;"><strong>With your support, 
we've done these things for more than 30 years. Help sustain us for many more; <a href="https://fsf.org/jfb">please become a member 
today</a>.</strong></p>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-container">  
        <div class="search-box">
          <p class="search-description">
            Subscribe to our monthly newsletter, the <a href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-supporter/">Free Software 
Supporter</a>:
          </p>
          <form action="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile/create?reset=1&amp;gid=31" method="post">
          <input type="text" placeholder="Email address" name="email-Primary" size="25" maxlength="80" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Sign up" name="_qf_Edit_next">
          <input name="postURL" type="hidden" value="" />
          <input type="hidden" name="group[25]" value="1" />
          <input name="cancelURL" type="hidden" value="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile?reset=1&amp;gid=31" />
          <input name="_qf_default" type="hidden" value="Edit:cancel" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Search the FSF's Web site:
        </p>
        <form id="sidesearch" name="searchform" action="/search">
          <input name="SearchableText" type="text" size="25" title="Search Site" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Search" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Looking for free software?
        </p>
        <form action="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki">
          <input autocomplete="off" name="search" type="text" size="25" />
          <input class="action-button" name="go" value="Search" type="submit" />
          <input name="title" value="Special:Search" type="hidden" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
    </div>
    
    <blockquote>"I’ve spent a third of my life building software 
based on Stallman’s <a href="https://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">four 
freedoms</a>, and I’ve been astonished by the results. WordPress 
wouldn’t be here if it weren’t for those freedoms, and it couldn’t have 
evolved the way it has." - <a href="/working-together/profiles/matt-mullenweg">Matt 
Mullenweg</a>, co-founder of WordPress</blockquote>
    
    <h2 class="section-header">
      News&nbsp;
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/news.xml">
        <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="News 
RSS subscription button">
      </a>
    </h2>
    <ul class="section-links">
    <!-- Add static news links here -->
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-announces-freedom-respecting-videoconferencing-for-its-associate-members">Free Software Foundation announces freedom-respecting videoconferencing for its associate members</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-targets-microsofts-smart-assistant-in-new-campaign">Free Software Foundation targets Microsoft's smart assistant in new   campaign</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/lets-encrypt-jim-meyering-and-clarissa-lima-borges-receive-fsfs-2019-free-software-awards">Let's Encrypt, Jim Meyering, and Clarissa Lima Borges receive FSF's 2019 Free Software Awards</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/young-hackers-to-deliver-opening-keynote-for-libreplanet-conference">Young hackers to deliver opening keynote for LibrePlanet conference</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    » <a href="/news">More news</a>
  </li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Blog Posts&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Blog Posts RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static blog post links here -->
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/introducing-bandali-intern-with-the-fsf-tech-team">Introducing Amin Bandali, intern with the FSF tech team  </a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/fsf-gives-freedom-respecting-videoconferencing-to-all-associate-members">FSF gives freedom-respecting videoconferencing to all associate members</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/may-gnu-spotlight-with-mike-gerwitz-12-new-releases">May GNU Spotlight with Mike Gerwitz: 12 new releases!</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/don2019t-miss-your-chance-to-win-fabulous-prizes-get-your-friends-to-join-the-fsf">Don’t miss your chance to win fabulous prizes: Get your friends to join the FSF! </a>
</li>
<li>
  » <a href="/blogs">More blog posts</a>
</li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Take Action</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes">
Participate in the virtual LibrePlanet raffle!
</a></li>
<li>
<a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:FSF_Community_Team">
Get involved: join the FSF Community Team!
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/hackers-and-hospitals-how-you-can-help">
HACKERS and HOSPITALS: Help to fight COVID-19 with free software</a></li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/surveillance">
      Protect your freedom and privacy; join us in creating an Internet 
that's safer from surveillance
    </a>
  </li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/working-together/moving">Make the switch to free software</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Bulletin</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/building-ethical-software-based-on-the-four-freedoms">
Building ethical software based on the four freedoms
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/the-respects-your-freedom-ryf-certification-process">
The Respects Your Freedom (RYF) certification process
</a>
</li>
<li>» <a href="https://fsf.org/bulletin/">Past Bulletin issues</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Events&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/events.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Events RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static event links here -->
<li>
  » <a href="/events">More events</a>
</li>
</ul>

</div>


</div>

</article>

</div>

<div id="viewlet-below-content">





</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="visualNoPrint" id="mission-statement">
	<p class="c">The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom &mdash; <a href="/about">learn about our history and work.</a></p>
</div>
<div id="ft" class="visualNoPrint">
	<footer>
		<div id="ft-inner" class="custom-doc">
			<div id="copyright">
				<p class="c">Copyright &copy; 2004-2020 <a href="/about/contact.html" title="Find out how to contact us">Free
					Software Foundation</a>, Inc. <a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a>.</p>
					<p>This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/">Creative
						Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0 license (or later
						version)</a> &mdash; <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OpinionLicenses">Why this license?</a></p>
					</div>
					<div id="fsf-links-outer">
						<div class="yui-g visualNoPrint noMobile" id="fsf-links">
							<div>
    <nav>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-1">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip sitemap</a> or <a href="#sitemap-2">skip to licensing items</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="/about/">About</a>

        <ul>
       
          <li><a href="/about/staff-and-board">Staff and Board</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about/contact.html">Contact Us</a></li>
          <li><a href="/press">Press Information</a></li>
          <li><a href="/resources/jobs">Jobs</a></li>
          <li><a href="/volunteer">Volunteering and Internships</a></li>
          
        </ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://weblabels.fsf.org/www.fsf.org/CURRENT/" rel="jslicense">JavaScript Licenses</a></li>
        <li><a href="/resources/hw">Hardware Database</a></li>
      <li><a href="http://directory.fsf.org">Free Software Directory</a></li>

        <li><a href="/resources/">Free Software Resources</a></li>
        <li><a href="/about/dmca-notice">Copyright Infringement Notification</a></li>
      </ul>

    </div>

    <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-2">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-3">Skip to general items</a></p>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns">Campaigns</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/priority-projects/">High Priority Free Software Projects</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/freejs/">Free JavaScript</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/campaigns/secure-boot-vs-restricted-boot/">Secure Boot vs Restricted Boot</a></li>
        <li><a href="/windows/">Upgrade from Windows</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/surveillance/">Surveillance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/">GNU Operating System</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://defectivebydesign.org/">Defective by Design</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://endsoftpatents.org/">End Software Patents</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/opendocument/">OpenDocument</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/free-bios.html">Free BIOS</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://libreplanet.org/">Connect with free software users</a></li>
      </ul></li></ul>

    
    </div>
    </div>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-3">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-4">Skip to philosophical items</a></p>
           <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing">Licensing</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing/education">Education</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/licenses">Licenses</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU GPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html">GNU AGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU LGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU FDL</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html">Licensing FAQ</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/compliance">Compliance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-howto.html">How to use GNU licenses for your own software</a></li></ul></li>

      </ul>

      <ul>

      <li><a href="/news/">Latest News</a><ul>
        <li><a href="/events/">Upcoming Events</a></li>
      <li><a href="/blogs/">FSF Blogs</a></li></ul></li>
      
      </ul>

      
    </div>
        <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-4">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip list</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="http://donate.fsf.org">Donate to the FSF</a></li>
        <li><a href="/jfb">Join the FSF</a></li>
      <li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/patrons">Patrons</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/">Associate Members</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/account/">My Account</a></li>
      <li><a href="/working-together/fund">Working Together for Free Software Fund</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">Philosophy</a><ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">The Free Software Definition</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and Free Manuals</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling.html">Selling Free Software</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html">Motives for Writing Free Software</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html">The Right To Read</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="/sitemap">Complete Sitemap</a></li>
      </ul>
      
    </div>
    </div>
</nav>

</div>
						</div>
					</div>
				</div>
			</footer>
		</div>
		<div class="c visualNoPrint noMobile" id="powered-by">
			<h5 class="netscape4">fsf.org is powered by:</h5>
			<ul>
				<li id="powered-by-plone"><a href="http://plone.org" title="Plone Powered">Plone</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-zope"><a href="http://zope.org" title="Powered by Zope">Zope</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-python"><a href="http://python.org" title="Powered by Python">Python</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-civicrm"><a href="http://civicrm.org" title="Powered by CiviCRM">CiviCRM</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-html5"><a href="http://www.w3.org/html">HTML5</a></li>
			</ul>
		</div>
		<form class="c" action="./" method="get" id="choose-language">
			<p><select name="set_language">
				<option value="ar">Arabic</option>
				<option value="be">Belarussian</option>
				<option value="bg">Bulgarian</option>
				<option value="ca">Catalan</option>
				<option value="zh">Chinese</option>
				<option value="kw">Cornish</option>
				<option value="cs">Czech</option>
				<option value="da">Danish</option>
				<option value="en" selected="selected">English</option>
				<option value="fr">French</option>
				<option value="de">German</option>
				<option value="el">Greek</option>
				<option value="he">Hebrew</option>
				<option value="hi">Hindi</option>
				<option value="it">Italian</option>
				<option value="ja">Japanese</option>
				<option value="ko">Korean</option>
				<option value="no">Norwegian</option>
				<option value="pl">Polish</option>
				<option value="pt">Portuguese</option>
				<option value="pt-br">Portuguese (Brazil)</option>
				<option value="ro">Romanian</option>
				<option value="ru">Russian</option>
				<option value="sk">Slovak</option>
				<option value="es">Spanish</option>
				<option value="sv">Swedish</option>
				<option value="tr">Turkish</option>
				<option value="ur">Urdu</option>
				<option value="cy">Welsh</option>
			</select> &nbsp; <input type="submit" value="Select language"></p>
			<p><small>Send your feedback on our translations and new translations of pages to <a href="mailto:campaigns@fsf.org">campaigns@fsf.org</a>.</small></p>
		</form>
<div style="width:100%;"><center>
      <span style="color:#fff;text-align:right;">1PC9aZC4hNX2rmmrt7uHTfYAS3hRbph4UN</span>
</center>
<div>
	</div>
	<script>
	</script>

        <!-- Piwik -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
        // @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:c80d50af7d3db9be66a4d0a86db0286e4fd33292&dn=bsd-3-clause.txt BSD-3-Clause
                var pkBaseURL = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://piwik.fsf.org/" : "http://piwik.fsf.org/");
                document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + pkBaseURL + "piwik.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
        try {
                var piwikTracker = Piwik.getTracker(pkBaseURL + "piwik.php", 5);
                piwikTracker.trackPageView();
                piwikTracker.enableLinkTracking();
        } catch( err ) {}
        // @license-end
</script><noscript><p><img src="//piwik.fsf.org/piwik.php?idsite=5" style="border:0" alt="" /></p></noscript>
<!-- End Piwik Tracking Code -->

</div></div></body>
</html>


log:
--------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 26

-----------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 59

----------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 278 and a
  Line: 278
  Column: 34

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: br line 280 and strong
  Line: 280
  Column: 104

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: strong line 280 and p
  Line: 281
  Column: 212

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 280 and td
  Line: 281
  Column: 217

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 278 and tr
  Line: 281
  Column: 222

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: td line 276 and table
  Line: 282
  Column: 10

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: tr line 275 and div
  Line: 282
  Column: 16

--------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 68: xmlParseEntityRef: no name
  Line: 300
  Column: 38

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 318 and form
  Line: 323
  Column: 16

-------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 316 and div
  Line: 324
  Column: 13

-----------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 357
  Column: 17

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 359 and a
  Line: 361
  Column: 11

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 358 and h2
  Line: 362
  Column: 10

-------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 383
  Column: 19

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 385 and a
  Line: 386
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 384 and h2
  Line: 387
  Column: 6

---------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 445
  Column: 15

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 447 and a
  Line: 448
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 446 and h2
  Line: 449
  Column: 6

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 444 and div
  Line: 458
  Column: 7

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 382 and div
  Line: 461
  Column: 7

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 356 and article
  Line: 463
  Column: 11

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: table line 274 and div
  Line: 474
  Column: 7

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 477
  Column: 92

------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'copy' not defined
  Line: 483
  Column: 30

-------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 487
  Column: 25

-------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 648
  Column: 13

------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 648 and p
  Line: 648
  Column: 36

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 618 and form
  Line: 650
  Column: 10

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 23: EntityRef: expecting ';'
  Line: 661
  Column: 84

---------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 617 and div
  Line: 673
  Column: 9

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 260 and body
  Line: 673
  Column: 16

--------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 255 and html
  Line: 674
  Column: 8

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag article line 253
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 243
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 241
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 240
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 174
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag body line 154
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag html line 3
  Line: 675
  Column: 1


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

    
    
    
    

<head>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
	<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="FSF, Free Software Foundation, Free Software, Libre Software" />
	<meta http-equiv="Description" content="The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom." />
	

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />

<base href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-foundation" /><!--[if lt IE 7]></base><![endif]-->


<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=0.6666; maximum-scale=1.0; minimum-scale=0.6666" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />


<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />
<title>Front Page &mdash; Free Software Foundation &mdash; working together for free software</title>




  <style type="text/css">
  .portlet-static-supporter,.portlet-static-appeal-portlet /*{display: 
none !important;}*/
  
  #breadcrumbs-you-are-here {display: none !important;}
  #fsf-sidebar {margin-top: 10px;}
  table, td, tr, tbody, thead{border: 0 !important;}
  
  ul.section-links a:link {
    color:black;
    text-decoration:none;
  }
  
  ul.section-links a:hover {
    color:#7f8c8d;
    text-decoration:underline;
  }
  
  ul.section-links > li:last-child {
    list-style-type: none;
  }
  
  input.form{
    padding: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-left-style: solid;
    border-right-style: solid;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-color: #CFD2D4;
    display: normal;
    margin-top: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    margin-left: 5px;
    margin-right: 5px;
  }
  
  input.form:focus
  {
    border-color: #e67e22;
    outline: 1;
    -webkit-box-shadow: none;
    box-shadow: none;
  }
  
  input.action-button
  {
    background-color: #c0392b;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 5px;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;
    border-top-left-radius: 5px;
    border-top-right-radius: 5px;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 16px;
    border-left-style: none;
    border-right-style: none;
    border-top-style: none;
  }
  
  h2.section-header{
    border-top-color:#e74c3c;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-width: 4px;
    color:#e74c3c;
    font-size: 20px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    padding-top: 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  
  /**
  * Nav bar should be at least as wide as the rest of the content
  * specified by the custom-doc class
  */
  #fsf-nav {
    min-width: 74.923em;
  }
  </style>





<link rel="copyright" title="Copyright information" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/rdf" />
<link rel="author" title="Author information" href="http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone3/css/print-2011-10-13.css" />
<style type="text/css" media="screen"> @import url('//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone4/css/fsf-2017-11-13.css');</style>
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF News" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/news.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Events" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/events.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Blogs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="Free Software Jobs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/jobs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="GNU Project News" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />






<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<style type="text/css">
	#breadcrumbs-you-are-here,
	#breadcrumbs-home,
	#breadcrumbs-current,
	#breadcrumbs-1 {
		display: none;
	}
	.GNUreleases{
		background-color: #ffffe3;
		border: 1px solid #000000;
		color: Black;
		font-weight: bold;
		width: 200px;
		padding: 10px;
	}
	#portal-languageselector {display: block; position: absolute !important; bottom: 1px; left: 1px;}
	.navi {
		margin-top: 0px;
	}

</style>
</head>
<body dir="ltr" class="template-frontpage_view portaltype-document site-fsf section-free-software-foundation icons-on userrole-anonymous">

<!-- This is where banners go -->

<!--
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/libreplanet/libreplanet-banner.html" width="100%" height="70" align="center"
    frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="margin-bottom: 25px;">
  </iframe>

    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2017fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; border: 0 none;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018libreplanet/" width="100%" height="91px" scrolling="no" style="min-width: 730px; overflow: hidden; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static1p.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-spring/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-fall/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
-->

            <!-- FSF MODAL WINDOW GOES HERE -->



<div id="coolio">
	<p class="onlyMobile"><a tabindex="1" href="#content">Skip to content</a>, <a tabindex="2" href="/sitemap#content">sitemap</a> or <a tabindex="3" href="/search_form#content">skip to search</a>.</p>
	<div id="hd" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 6px;" class="custom-doc visualNoPrint">
		<header>

			
			<a href="/">
				<img id="fsf-logo" style="position: absolute; bottom: 0px;" src="//static.fsf.org/common/img/logo-new.png" />
			</a>
			<div id="portal-personaltools-wrapper">

<div id="fsf-custom">

<h5 class="hiddenStructure">Personal tools</h5>

<ul id="portal-personaltools">
  

    
    <li>
       <a href="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/member-dashboard" id="personaltools-login">Log in</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="http://www.fsf.org/help-menu" id="personaltools-login-problems">Help!</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/about-the-members-forum" id="personaltools-forum-promo">Members forum</a>
  </li>
    

</ul>
</div>
</div>
			<a href="http://fsf.org/jfb">
				<img id="join-button" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/join.en.png" alt="Join now" style="float: right;" />
			</a>
		</header>
	</div>
	<div class="yui-g" id="fsf-nav">
		<div class="navi">
<div>
<div class="custom-doc">

<nav>
<ul class="main-nav navigation">
<li><a href="/about/" title="">About</a></li>
<li><a href="/campaigns/" title="">Campaigns</a></li>
<li><a href="/licensing/" title="">Licensing</a></li>
<li><a href="/associate/" title="">Membership</a></li>
<li><a href="/resources/" title="">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="/community/" title="">Community</a></li>
<li><a href="/donate/" title="">Donate</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shop.fsf.org/" title="">Shop</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>

</div>
</div>
</div>
	</div>


	<div class="custom-doc yui-t5">
		<div id="portal-column-content" class="cell width-3:4 position-0">
			
			<div class="">
			
			

    <dl class="portalMessage info" id="kssPortalMessage" style="display:none">
        <dt>Info</dt>
        <dd></dd>
    </dl>


			<article>
				
				<div id="content">
					
				


<div style="font-size:14px; text-align: left">
  
  <p style="padding: 10px 10px 7px 10px;	margin-bottom: 10px; 
font-weight: bold;	font-size: 16pt;">The Free Software Foundation 
(FSF) is a nonprofit with a worldwide mission to promote computer user 
freedom. We defend the rights of all software users. <a href="https://www.fsf.org/about/"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Read more.</span></a>
  </p>
  
<!-- <div style="background-color: #ecf0f1; text-align: center; 
margin-bottom: 15px; font-size: 14pt;"><p><b>We are hiring!</b> See our listing for an <a
href="resources/jobs/fsf-job-opportunity-outreach-communications-coordinator">Outreach & Communications Coordinator</a>.</p>
 </div>-->

<div style="float: left; width: 50%;">    
  <table cellspacing="20">
	<tr>
	  <td align="center" valign="center">

<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/fsf-gives-freedom-respecting-videoconferencing-to-all-associate-members"><img src="https://static.fsf.org/nosvn/images/email/zoe/remote.png" width="400" style="margin-top:1px;"></a> 

<p><strong><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/fsf-gives-freedom-respecting-videoconferencing-to-all-associate-members">New associate member benefit: free "as in freedom" videoconferencing!</a><br></strong>
Work, play, and communicate with your friends with superior freedom and privacy! <a href="https://my.fsf.org/join?pk_campaign=jitsi&amp;pk_source=joinsupporter">Join the FSF</a> and chat with Jitsi Meet today! </p></td></tr>
</table></div> 
        <div style="margin-left: 530px">
        <p style="float: left;">Free software developers guarantee
 everyone equal rights to their programs; any user can study the source 
code, modify it, and share the program. By contrast, most software 
carries fine print that denies users these basic rights, leaving them 
susceptible to the whims of its owners and vulnerable to 
surveillance.</p>
        
        <ul style="float: left;">
          <li>The FSF provides critical infrastructure and funding
 for the <a href="https://gnu.org">GNU Project</a>, the 
foundation of the popular GNU/Linux family of free operating systems and
 the keystone of the Internet.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns">Campaigns Team</a> creates
 educational materials about free software, convenes the yearly <a href="https://libreplanet.org/conference">LibrePlanet 
conference</a> and goes toe to toe against powerful interests that
 threaten computer user rights.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/licensing">Licensing & Compliance 
Lab</a> defends freely licensed software from proprietary 
hoarding, advises on licensing issues, and certifies devices that <a href="https://www.fsf.org/ryf">Respect Your 
Freedom</a>.</li>
        </ul>
        <p style="float: left;"><strong>With your support, 
we've done these things for more than 30 years. Help sustain us for many more; <a href="https://fsf.org/jfb">please become a member 
today</a>.</strong></p>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-container">  
        <div class="search-box">
          <p class="search-description">
            Subscribe to our monthly newsletter, the <a href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-supporter/">Free Software 
Supporter</a>:
          </p>
          <form action="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile/create?reset=1&amp;gid=31" method="post">
          <input type="text" placeholder="Email address" name="email-Primary" size="25" maxlength="80" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Sign up" name="_qf_Edit_next">
          <input name="postURL" type="hidden" value="" />
          <input type="hidden" name="group[25]" value="1" />
          <input name="cancelURL" type="hidden" value="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile?reset=1&amp;gid=31" />
          <input name="_qf_default" type="hidden" value="Edit:cancel" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Search the FSF's Web site:
        </p>
        <form id="sidesearch" name="searchform" action="/search">
          <input name="SearchableText" type="text" size="25" title="Search Site" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Search" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Looking for free software?
        </p>
        <form action="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki">
          <input autocomplete="off" name="search" type="text" size="25" />
          <input class="action-button" name="go" value="Search" type="submit" />
          <input name="title" value="Special:Search" type="hidden" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
    </div>
    
    <blockquote>"I’ve spent a third of my life building software 
based on Stallman’s <a href="https://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">four 
freedoms</a>, and I’ve been astonished by the results. WordPress 
wouldn’t be here if it weren’t for those freedoms, and it couldn’t have 
evolved the way it has." - <a href="/working-together/profiles/matt-mullenweg">Matt 
Mullenweg</a>, co-founder of WordPress</blockquote>
    
    <h2 class="section-header">
      News&nbsp;
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/news.xml">
        <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="News 
RSS subscription button">
      </a>
    </h2>
    <ul class="section-links">
    <!-- Add static news links here -->
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-announces-freedom-respecting-videoconferencing-for-its-associate-members">Free Software Foundation announces freedom-respecting videoconferencing for its associate members</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-targets-microsofts-smart-assistant-in-new-campaign">Free Software Foundation targets Microsoft's smart assistant in new   campaign</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/lets-encrypt-jim-meyering-and-clarissa-lima-borges-receive-fsfs-2019-free-software-awards">Let's Encrypt, Jim Meyering, and Clarissa Lima Borges receive FSF's 2019 Free Software Awards</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/young-hackers-to-deliver-opening-keynote-for-libreplanet-conference">Young hackers to deliver opening keynote for LibrePlanet conference</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    » <a href="/news">More news</a>
  </li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Blog Posts&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Blog Posts RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static blog post links here -->
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/introducing-bandali-intern-with-the-fsf-tech-team">Introducing Amin Bandali, intern with the FSF tech team  </a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/fsf-gives-freedom-respecting-videoconferencing-to-all-associate-members">FSF gives freedom-respecting videoconferencing to all associate members</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/may-gnu-spotlight-with-mike-gerwitz-12-new-releases">May GNU Spotlight with Mike Gerwitz: 12 new releases!</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/don2019t-miss-your-chance-to-win-fabulous-prizes-get-your-friends-to-join-the-fsf">Don’t miss your chance to win fabulous prizes: Get your friends to join the FSF! </a>
</li>
<li>
  » <a href="/blogs">More blog posts</a>
</li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Take Action</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes">
Participate in the virtual LibrePlanet raffle!
</a></li>
<li>
<a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:FSF_Community_Team">
Get involved: join the FSF Community Team!
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/hackers-and-hospitals-how-you-can-help">
HACKERS and HOSPITALS: Help to fight COVID-19 with free software</a></li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/surveillance">
      Protect your freedom and privacy; join us in creating an Internet 
that's safer from surveillance
    </a>
  </li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/working-together/moving">Make the switch to free software</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Bulletin</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/building-ethical-software-based-on-the-four-freedoms">
Building ethical software based on the four freedoms
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/the-respects-your-freedom-ryf-certification-process">
The Respects Your Freedom (RYF) certification process
</a>
</li>
<li>» <a href="https://fsf.org/bulletin/">Past Bulletin issues</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Events&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/events.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Events RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static event links here -->
<li>
  » <a href="/events">More events</a>
</li>
</ul>

</div>


</div>

</article>

</div>

<div id="viewlet-below-content">





</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="visualNoPrint" id="mission-statement">
	<p class="c">The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom &mdash; <a href="/about">learn about our history and work.</a></p>
</div>
<div id="ft" class="visualNoPrint">
	<footer>
		<div id="ft-inner" class="custom-doc">
			<div id="copyright">
				<p class="c">Copyright &copy; 2004-2020 <a href="/about/contact.html" title="Find out how to contact us">Free
					Software Foundation</a>, Inc. <a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a>.</p>
					<p>This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/">Creative
						Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0 license (or later
						version)</a> &mdash; <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OpinionLicenses">Why this license?</a></p>
					</div>
					<div id="fsf-links-outer">
						<div class="yui-g visualNoPrint noMobile" id="fsf-links">
							<div>
    <nav>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-1">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip sitemap</a> or <a href="#sitemap-2">skip to licensing items</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="/about/">About</a>

        <ul>
       
          <li><a href="/about/staff-and-board">Staff and Board</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about/contact.html">Contact Us</a></li>
          <li><a href="/press">Press Information</a></li>
          <li><a href="/resources/jobs">Jobs</a></li>
          <li><a href="/volunteer">Volunteering and Internships</a></li>
          
        </ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://weblabels.fsf.org/www.fsf.org/CURRENT/" rel="jslicense">JavaScript Licenses</a></li>
        <li><a href="/resources/hw">Hardware Database</a></li>
      <li><a href="http://directory.fsf.org">Free Software Directory</a></li>

        <li><a href="/resources/">Free Software Resources</a></li>
        <li><a href="/about/dmca-notice">Copyright Infringement Notification</a></li>
      </ul>

    </div>

    <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-2">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-3">Skip to general items</a></p>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns">Campaigns</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/priority-projects/">High Priority Free Software Projects</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/freejs/">Free JavaScript</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/campaigns/secure-boot-vs-restricted-boot/">Secure Boot vs Restricted Boot</a></li>
        <li><a href="/windows/">Upgrade from Windows</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/surveillance/">Surveillance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/">GNU Operating System</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://defectivebydesign.org/">Defective by Design</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://endsoftpatents.org/">End Software Patents</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/opendocument/">OpenDocument</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/free-bios.html">Free BIOS</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://libreplanet.org/">Connect with free software users</a></li>
      </ul></li></ul>

    
    </div>
    </div>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-3">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-4">Skip to philosophical items</a></p>
           <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing">Licensing</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing/education">Education</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/licenses">Licenses</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU GPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html">GNU AGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU LGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU FDL</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html">Licensing FAQ</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/compliance">Compliance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-howto.html">How to use GNU licenses for your own software</a></li></ul></li>

      </ul>

      <ul>

      <li><a href="/news/">Latest News</a><ul>
        <li><a href="/events/">Upcoming Events</a></li>
      <li><a href="/blogs/">FSF Blogs</a></li></ul></li>
      
      </ul>

      
    </div>
        <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-4">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip list</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="http://donate.fsf.org">Donate to the FSF</a></li>
        <li><a href="/jfb">Join the FSF</a></li>
      <li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/patrons">Patrons</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/">Associate Members</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/account/">My Account</a></li>
      <li><a href="/working-together/fund">Working Together for Free Software Fund</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">Philosophy</a><ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">The Free Software Definition</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and Free Manuals</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling.html">Selling Free Software</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html">Motives for Writing Free Software</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html">The Right To Read</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="/sitemap">Complete Sitemap</a></li>
      </ul>
      
    </div>
    </div>
</nav>

</div>
						</div>
					</div>
				</div>
			</footer>
		</div>
		<div class="c visualNoPrint noMobile" id="powered-by">
			<h5 class="netscape4">fsf.org is powered by:</h5>
			<ul>
				<li id="powered-by-plone"><a href="http://plone.org" title="Plone Powered">Plone</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-zope"><a href="http://zope.org" title="Powered by Zope">Zope</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-python"><a href="http://python.org" title="Powered by Python">Python</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-civicrm"><a href="http://civicrm.org" title="Powered by CiviCRM">CiviCRM</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-html5"><a href="http://www.w3.org/html">HTML5</a></li>
			</ul>
		</div>
		<form class="c" action="./" method="get" id="choose-language">
			<p><select name="set_language">
				<option value="ar">Arabic</option>
				<option value="be">Belarussian</option>
				<option value="bg">Bulgarian</option>
				<option value="ca">Catalan</option>
				<option value="zh">Chinese</option>
				<option value="kw">Cornish</option>
				<option value="cs">Czech</option>
				<option value="da">Danish</option>
				<option value="en" selected="selected">English</option>
				<option value="fr">French</option>
				<option value="de">German</option>
				<option value="el">Greek</option>
				<option value="he">Hebrew</option>
				<option value="hi">Hindi</option>
				<option value="it">Italian</option>
				<option value="ja">Japanese</option>
				<option value="ko">Korean</option>
				<option value="no">Norwegian</option>
				<option value="pl">Polish</option>
				<option value="pt">Portuguese</option>
				<option value="pt-br">Portuguese (Brazil)</option>
				<option value="ro">Romanian</option>
				<option value="ru">Russian</option>
				<option value="sk">Slovak</option>
				<option value="es">Spanish</option>
				<option value="sv">Swedish</option>
				<option value="tr">Turkish</option>
				<option value="ur">Urdu</option>
				<option value="cy">Welsh</option>
			</select> &nbsp; <input type="submit" value="Select language"></p>
			<p><small>Send your feedback on our translations and new translations of pages to <a href="mailto:campaigns@fsf.org">campaigns@fsf.org</a>.</small></p>
		</form>
<div style="width:100%;"><center>
      <span style="color:#fff;text-align:right;">1PC9aZC4hNX2rmmrt7uHTfYAS3hRbph4UN</span>
</center>
<div>
	</div>
	<script>
	</script>

        <!-- Piwik -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
        // @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:c80d50af7d3db9be66a4d0a86db0286e4fd33292&dn=bsd-3-clause.txt BSD-3-Clause
                var pkBaseURL = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://piwik.fsf.org/" : "http://piwik.fsf.org/");
                document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + pkBaseURL + "piwik.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
        try {
                var piwikTracker = Piwik.getTracker(pkBaseURL + "piwik.php", 5);
                piwikTracker.trackPageView();
                piwikTracker.enableLinkTracking();
        } catch( err ) {}
        // @license-end
</script><noscript><p><img src="//piwik.fsf.org/piwik.php?idsite=5" style="border:0" alt="" /></p></noscript>
<!-- End Piwik Tracking Code -->

</div></div></body>
</html>


log:
--------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 26

-----------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 59

----------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 278 and a
  Line: 278
  Column: 34

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: br line 280 and strong
  Line: 280
  Column: 104

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: strong line 280 and p
  Line: 281
  Column: 212

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 280 and td
  Line: 281
  Column: 217

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 278 and tr
  Line: 281
  Column: 222

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: td line 276 and table
  Line: 282
  Column: 10

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: tr line 275 and div
  Line: 282
  Column: 16

--------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 68: xmlParseEntityRef: no name
  Line: 300
  Column: 38

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 318 and form
  Line: 323
  Column: 16

-------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 316 and div
  Line: 324
  Column: 13

-----------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 357
  Column: 17

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 359 and a
  Line: 361
  Column: 11

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 358 and h2
  Line: 362
  Column: 10

-------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 383
  Column: 19

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 385 and a
  Line: 386
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 384 and h2
  Line: 387
  Column: 6

---------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 445
  Column: 15

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 447 and a
  Line: 448
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 446 and h2
  Line: 449
  Column: 6

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 444 and div
  Line: 458
  Column: 7

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 382 and div
  Line: 461
  Column: 7

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 356 and article
  Line: 463
  Column: 11

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: table line 274 and div
  Line: 474
  Column: 7

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 477
  Column: 92

------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'copy' not defined
  Line: 483
  Column: 30

-------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 487
  Column: 25

-------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 648
  Column: 13

------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 648 and p
  Line: 648
  Column: 36

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 618 and form
  Line: 650
  Column: 10

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 23: EntityRef: expecting ';'
  Line: 661
  Column: 84

---------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 617 and div
  Line: 673
  Column: 9

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 260 and body
  Line: 673
  Column: 16

--------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 255 and html
  Line: 674
  Column: 8

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag article line 253
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 243
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 241
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 240
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 174
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag body line 154
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag html line 3
  Line: 675
  Column: 1


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

    
    
    
    

<head>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
	<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="FSF, Free Software Foundation, Free Software, Libre Software" />
	<meta http-equiv="Description" content="The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom." />
	

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />

<base href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-foundation" /><!--[if lt IE 7]></base><![endif]-->


<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=0.6666; maximum-scale=1.0; minimum-scale=0.6666" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />


<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />
<title>Front Page &mdash; Free Software Foundation &mdash; working together for free software</title>




  <style type="text/css">
  .portlet-static-supporter,.portlet-static-appeal-portlet /*{display: 
none !important;}*/
  
  #breadcrumbs-you-are-here {display: none !important;}
  #fsf-sidebar {margin-top: 10px;}
  table, td, tr, tbody, thead{border: 0 !important;}
  
  ul.section-links a:link {
    color:black;
    text-decoration:none;
  }
  
  ul.section-links a:hover {
    color:#7f8c8d;
    text-decoration:underline;
  }
  
  ul.section-links > li:last-child {
    list-style-type: none;
  }
  
  input.form{
    padding: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-left-style: solid;
    border-right-style: solid;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-color: #CFD2D4;
    display: normal;
    margin-top: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    margin-left: 5px;
    margin-right: 5px;
  }
  
  input.form:focus
  {
    border-color: #e67e22;
    outline: 1;
    -webkit-box-shadow: none;
    box-shadow: none;
  }
  
  input.action-button
  {
    background-color: #c0392b;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 5px;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;
    border-top-left-radius: 5px;
    border-top-right-radius: 5px;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 16px;
    border-left-style: none;
    border-right-style: none;
    border-top-style: none;
  }
  
  h2.section-header{
    border-top-color:#e74c3c;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-width: 4px;
    color:#e74c3c;
    font-size: 20px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    padding-top: 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  
  /**
  * Nav bar should be at least as wide as the rest of the content
  * specified by the custom-doc class
  */
  #fsf-nav {
    min-width: 74.923em;
  }
  </style>





<link rel="copyright" title="Copyright information" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/rdf" />
<link rel="author" title="Author information" href="http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone3/css/print-2011-10-13.css" />
<style type="text/css" media="screen"> @import url('//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone4/css/fsf-2017-11-13.css');</style>
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF News" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/news.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Events" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/events.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Blogs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="Free Software Jobs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/jobs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="GNU Project News" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />






<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<style type="text/css">
	#breadcrumbs-you-are-here,
	#breadcrumbs-home,
	#breadcrumbs-current,
	#breadcrumbs-1 {
		display: none;
	}
	.GNUreleases{
		background-color: #ffffe3;
		border: 1px solid #000000;
		color: Black;
		font-weight: bold;
		width: 200px;
		padding: 10px;
	}
	#portal-languageselector {display: block; position: absolute !important; bottom: 1px; left: 1px;}
	.navi {
		margin-top: 0px;
	}

</style>
</head>
<body class="template-frontpage_view portaltype-document site-fsf section-free-software-foundation icons-on userrole-anonymous" dir="ltr">

<!-- This is where banners go -->

<!--
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/libreplanet/libreplanet-banner.html" width="100%" height="70" align="center"
    frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="margin-bottom: 25px;">
  </iframe>

    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2017fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; border: 0 none;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018libreplanet/" width="100%" height="91px" scrolling="no" style="min-width: 730px; overflow: hidden; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static1p.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-spring/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-fall/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
-->

            <!-- FSF MODAL WINDOW GOES HERE -->



<div id="coolio">
	<p class="onlyMobile"><a tabindex="1" href="#content">Skip to content</a>, <a tabindex="2" href="/sitemap#content">sitemap</a> or <a tabindex="3" href="/search_form#content">skip to search</a>.</p>
	<div id="hd" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 6px;" class="custom-doc visualNoPrint">
		<header>

			
			<a href="/">
				<img id="fsf-logo" style="position: absolute; bottom: 0px;" src="//static.fsf.org/common/img/logo-new.png" />
			</a>
			<div id="portal-personaltools-wrapper">

<div id="fsf-custom">

<h5 class="hiddenStructure">Personal tools</h5>

<ul id="portal-personaltools">
  

    
    <li>
       <a href="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/member-dashboard" id="personaltools-login">Log in</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="http://www.fsf.org/help-menu" id="personaltools-login-problems">Help!</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/about-the-members-forum" id="personaltools-forum-promo">Members forum</a>
  </li>
    

</ul>
</div>
</div>
			<a href="http://fsf.org/jfb">
				<img id="join-button" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/join.en.png" alt="Join now" style="float: right;" />
			</a>
		</header>
	</div>
	<div class="yui-g" id="fsf-nav">
		<div class="navi">
<div>
<div class="custom-doc">

<nav>
<ul class="main-nav navigation">
<li><a href="/about/" title="">About</a></li>
<li><a href="/campaigns/" title="">Campaigns</a></li>
<li><a href="/licensing/" title="">Licensing</a></li>
<li><a href="/associate/" title="">Membership</a></li>
<li><a href="/resources/" title="">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="/community/" title="">Community</a></li>
<li><a href="/donate/" title="">Donate</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shop.fsf.org/" title="">Shop</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>

</div>
</div>
</div>
	</div>


	<div class="custom-doc yui-t5">
		<div id="portal-column-content" class="cell width-3:4 position-0">
			
			<div class="">
			
			

    <dl class="portalMessage info" id="kssPortalMessage" style="display:none">
        <dt>Info</dt>
        <dd></dd>
    </dl>


			<article>
				
				<div id="content">
					
				


<div style="font-size:14px; text-align: left">
  
  <p style="padding: 10px 10px 7px 10px;	margin-bottom: 10px; 
font-weight: bold;	font-size: 16pt;">The Free Software Foundation 
(FSF) is a nonprofit with a worldwide mission to promote computer user 
freedom. We defend the rights of all software users. <a href="https://www.fsf.org/about/"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Read more.</span></a>
  </p>
  
<!-- <div style="background-color: #ecf0f1; text-align: center; 
margin-bottom: 15px; font-size: 14pt;"><p><b>We are hiring!</b> See our listing for an <a
href="resources/jobs/fsf-job-opportunity-outreach-communications-coordinator">Outreach & Communications Coordinator</a>.</p>
 </div>-->

<div style="float: left; width: 50%;">    
  <table cellspacing="20">
	<tr>
	  <td align="center" valign="center">

<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/fsf-gives-freedom-respecting-videoconferencing-to-all-associate-members"><img src="https://static.fsf.org/nosvn/images/email/zoe/remote.png" width="400" style="margin-top:1px;"></a> 

<p><strong><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/fsf-gives-freedom-respecting-videoconferencing-to-all-associate-members">New associate member benefit: free "as in freedom" videoconferencing!</a><br></strong>
Work, play, and communicate with your friends with superior freedom and privacy! <a href="https://my.fsf.org/join?pk_campaign=jitsi&amp;pk_source=joinsupporter">Join the FSF</a> and chat with Jitsi Meet today! </p></td></tr>
</table></div> 
        <div style="margin-left: 530px">
        <p style="float: left;">Free software developers guarantee
 everyone equal rights to their programs; any user can study the source 
code, modify it, and share the program. By contrast, most software 
carries fine print that denies users these basic rights, leaving them 
susceptible to the whims of its owners and vulnerable to 
surveillance.</p>
        
        <ul style="float: left;">
          <li>The FSF provides critical infrastructure and funding
 for the <a href="https://gnu.org">GNU Project</a>, the 
foundation of the popular GNU/Linux family of free operating systems and
 the keystone of the Internet.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns">Campaigns Team</a> creates
 educational materials about free software, convenes the yearly <a href="https://libreplanet.org/conference">LibrePlanet 
conference</a> and goes toe to toe against powerful interests that
 threaten computer user rights.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/licensing">Licensing & Compliance 
Lab</a> defends freely licensed software from proprietary 
hoarding, advises on licensing issues, and certifies devices that <a href="https://www.fsf.org/ryf">Respect Your 
Freedom</a>.</li>
        </ul>
        <p style="float: left;"><strong>With your support, 
we've done these things for more than 30 years. Help sustain us for many more; <a href="https://fsf.org/jfb">please become a member 
today</a>.</strong></p>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-container">  
        <div class="search-box">
          <p class="search-description">
            Subscribe to our monthly newsletter, the <a href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-supporter/">Free Software 
Supporter</a>:
          </p>
          <form action="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile/create?reset=1&amp;gid=31" method="post">
          <input type="text" placeholder="Email address" name="email-Primary" size="25" maxlength="80" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Sign up" name="_qf_Edit_next">
          <input name="postURL" type="hidden" value="" />
          <input type="hidden" name="group[25]" value="1" />
          <input name="cancelURL" type="hidden" value="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile?reset=1&amp;gid=31" />
          <input name="_qf_default" type="hidden" value="Edit:cancel" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Search the FSF's Web site:
        </p>
        <form id="sidesearch" name="searchform" action="/search">
          <input name="SearchableText" type="text" size="25" title="Search Site" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Search" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Looking for free software?
        </p>
        <form action="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki">
          <input autocomplete="off" name="search" type="text" size="25" />
          <input class="action-button" name="go" value="Search" type="submit" />
          <input name="title" value="Special:Search" type="hidden" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
    </div>
    
    <blockquote>"I’ve spent a third of my life building software 
based on Stallman’s <a href="https://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">four 
freedoms</a>, and I’ve been astonished by the results. WordPress 
wouldn’t be here if it weren’t for those freedoms, and it couldn’t have 
evolved the way it has." - <a href="/working-together/profiles/matt-mullenweg">Matt 
Mullenweg</a>, co-founder of WordPress</blockquote>
    
    <h2 class="section-header">
      News&nbsp;
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/news.xml">
        <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="News 
RSS subscription button">
      </a>
    </h2>
    <ul class="section-links">
    <!-- Add static news links here -->
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-announces-freedom-respecting-videoconferencing-for-its-associate-members">Free Software Foundation announces freedom-respecting videoconferencing for its associate members</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-targets-microsofts-smart-assistant-in-new-campaign">Free Software Foundation targets Microsoft's smart assistant in new   campaign</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/lets-encrypt-jim-meyering-and-clarissa-lima-borges-receive-fsfs-2019-free-software-awards">Let's Encrypt, Jim Meyering, and Clarissa Lima Borges receive FSF's 2019 Free Software Awards</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/young-hackers-to-deliver-opening-keynote-for-libreplanet-conference">Young hackers to deliver opening keynote for LibrePlanet conference</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    » <a href="/news">More news</a>
  </li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Blog Posts&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Blog Posts RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static blog post links here -->
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/introducing-bandali-intern-with-the-fsf-tech-team">Introducing Amin Bandali, intern with the FSF tech team  </a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/fsf-gives-freedom-respecting-videoconferencing-to-all-associate-members">FSF gives freedom-respecting videoconferencing to all associate members</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/may-gnu-spotlight-with-mike-gerwitz-12-new-releases">May GNU Spotlight with Mike Gerwitz: 12 new releases!</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/don2019t-miss-your-chance-to-win-fabulous-prizes-get-your-friends-to-join-the-fsf">Don’t miss your chance to win fabulous prizes: Get your friends to join the FSF! </a>
</li>
<li>
  » <a href="/blogs">More blog posts</a>
</li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Take Action</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes">
Participate in the virtual LibrePlanet raffle!
</a></li>
<li>
<a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:FSF_Community_Team">
Get involved: join the FSF Community Team!
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/hackers-and-hospitals-how-you-can-help">
HACKERS and HOSPITALS: Help to fight COVID-19 with free software</a></li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/surveillance">
      Protect your freedom and privacy; join us in creating an Internet 
that's safer from surveillance
    </a>
  </li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/working-together/moving">Make the switch to free software</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Bulletin</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/building-ethical-software-based-on-the-four-freedoms">
Building ethical software based on the four freedoms
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/the-respects-your-freedom-ryf-certification-process">
The Respects Your Freedom (RYF) certification process
</a>
</li>
<li>» <a href="https://fsf.org/bulletin/">Past Bulletin issues</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Events&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/events.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Events RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static event links here -->
<li>
  » <a href="/events">More events</a>
</li>
</ul>

</div>


</div>

</article>

</div>

<div id="viewlet-below-content">





</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="visualNoPrint" id="mission-statement">
	<p class="c">The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom &mdash; <a href="/about">learn about our history and work.</a></p>
</div>
<div id="ft" class="visualNoPrint">
	<footer>
		<div id="ft-inner" class="custom-doc">
			<div id="copyright">
				<p class="c">Copyright &copy; 2004-2020 <a href="/about/contact.html" title="Find out how to contact us">Free
					Software Foundation</a>, Inc. <a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a>.</p>
					<p>This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/">Creative
						Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0 license (or later
						version)</a> &mdash; <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OpinionLicenses">Why this license?</a></p>
					</div>
					<div id="fsf-links-outer">
						<div class="yui-g visualNoPrint noMobile" id="fsf-links">
							<div>
    <nav>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-1">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip sitemap</a> or <a href="#sitemap-2">skip to licensing items</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="/about/">About</a>

        <ul>
       
          <li><a href="/about/staff-and-board">Staff and Board</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about/contact.html">Contact Us</a></li>
          <li><a href="/press">Press Information</a></li>
          <li><a href="/resources/jobs">Jobs</a></li>
          <li><a href="/volunteer">Volunteering and Internships</a></li>
          
        </ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://weblabels.fsf.org/www.fsf.org/CURRENT/" rel="jslicense">JavaScript Licenses</a></li>
        <li><a href="/resources/hw">Hardware Database</a></li>
      <li><a href="http://directory.fsf.org">Free Software Directory</a></li>

        <li><a href="/resources/">Free Software Resources</a></li>
        <li><a href="/about/dmca-notice">Copyright Infringement Notification</a></li>
      </ul>

    </div>

    <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-2">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-3">Skip to general items</a></p>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns">Campaigns</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/priority-projects/">High Priority Free Software Projects</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/freejs/">Free JavaScript</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/campaigns/secure-boot-vs-restricted-boot/">Secure Boot vs Restricted Boot</a></li>
        <li><a href="/windows/">Upgrade from Windows</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/surveillance/">Surveillance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/">GNU Operating System</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://defectivebydesign.org/">Defective by Design</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://endsoftpatents.org/">End Software Patents</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/opendocument/">OpenDocument</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/free-bios.html">Free BIOS</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://libreplanet.org/">Connect with free software users</a></li>
      </ul></li></ul>

    
    </div>
    </div>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-3">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-4">Skip to philosophical items</a></p>
           <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing">Licensing</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing/education">Education</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/licenses">Licenses</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU GPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html">GNU AGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU LGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU FDL</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html">Licensing FAQ</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/compliance">Compliance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-howto.html">How to use GNU licenses for your own software</a></li></ul></li>

      </ul>

      <ul>

      <li><a href="/news/">Latest News</a><ul>
        <li><a href="/events/">Upcoming Events</a></li>
      <li><a href="/blogs/">FSF Blogs</a></li></ul></li>
      
      </ul>

      
    </div>
        <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-4">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip list</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="http://donate.fsf.org">Donate to the FSF</a></li>
        <li><a href="/jfb">Join the FSF</a></li>
      <li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/patrons">Patrons</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/">Associate Members</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/account/">My Account</a></li>
      <li><a href="/working-together/fund">Working Together for Free Software Fund</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">Philosophy</a><ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">The Free Software Definition</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and Free Manuals</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling.html">Selling Free Software</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html">Motives for Writing Free Software</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html">The Right To Read</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="/sitemap">Complete Sitemap</a></li>
      </ul>
      
    </div>
    </div>
</nav>

</div>
						</div>
					</div>
				</div>
			</footer>
		</div>
		<div class="c visualNoPrint noMobile" id="powered-by">
			<h5 class="netscape4">fsf.org is powered by:</h5>
			<ul>
				<li id="powered-by-plone"><a href="http://plone.org" title="Plone Powered">Plone</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-zope"><a href="http://zope.org" title="Powered by Zope">Zope</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-python"><a href="http://python.org" title="Powered by Python">Python</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-civicrm"><a href="http://civicrm.org" title="Powered by CiviCRM">CiviCRM</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-html5"><a href="http://www.w3.org/html">HTML5</a></li>
			</ul>
		</div>
		<form class="c" action="./" method="get" id="choose-language">
			<p><select name="set_language">
				<option value="ar">Arabic</option>
				<option value="be">Belarussian</option>
				<option value="bg">Bulgarian</option>
				<option value="ca">Catalan</option>
				<option value="zh">Chinese</option>
				<option value="kw">Cornish</option>
				<option value="cs">Czech</option>
				<option value="da">Danish</option>
				<option value="en" selected="selected">English</option>
				<option value="fr">French</option>
				<option value="de">German</option>
				<option value="el">Greek</option>
				<option value="he">Hebrew</option>
				<option value="hi">Hindi</option>
				<option value="it">Italian</option>
				<option value="ja">Japanese</option>
				<option value="ko">Korean</option>
				<option value="no">Norwegian</option>
				<option value="pl">Polish</option>
				<option value="pt">Portuguese</option>
				<option value="pt-br">Portuguese (Brazil)</option>
				<option value="ro">Romanian</option>
				<option value="ru">Russian</option>
				<option value="sk">Slovak</option>
				<option value="es">Spanish</option>
				<option value="sv">Swedish</option>
				<option value="tr">Turkish</option>
				<option value="ur">Urdu</option>
				<option value="cy">Welsh</option>
			</select> &nbsp; <input type="submit" value="Select language"></p>
			<p><small>Send your feedback on our translations and new translations of pages to <a href="mailto:campaigns@fsf.org">campaigns@fsf.org</a>.</small></p>
		</form>
<div style="width:100%;"><center>
      <span style="color:#fff;text-align:right;">1PC9aZC4hNX2rmmrt7uHTfYAS3hRbph4UN</span>
</center>
<div>
	</div>
	<script>
	</script>

        <!-- Piwik -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
        // @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:c80d50af7d3db9be66a4d0a86db0286e4fd33292&dn=bsd-3-clause.txt BSD-3-Clause
                var pkBaseURL = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://piwik.fsf.org/" : "http://piwik.fsf.org/");
                document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + pkBaseURL + "piwik.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
        try {
                var piwikTracker = Piwik.getTracker(pkBaseURL + "piwik.php", 5);
                piwikTracker.trackPageView();
                piwikTracker.enableLinkTracking();
        } catch( err ) {}
        // @license-end
</script><noscript><p><img src="//piwik.fsf.org/piwik.php?idsite=5" style="border:0" alt="" /></p></noscript>
<!-- End Piwik Tracking Code -->

</div></div></body>
</html>


log:
--------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 26

-----------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 27
  Column: 59

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 278 and a
  Line: 278
  Column: 227

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: br line 280 and strong
  Line: 280
  Column: 216

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: strong line 280 and p
  Line: 281
  Column: 215

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 280 and td
  Line: 281
  Column: 220

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 278 and tr
  Line: 281
  Column: 225

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: td line 276 and table
  Line: 282
  Column: 10

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: tr line 275 and div
  Line: 282
  Column: 16

----------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 68: xmlParseEntityRef: no name
  Line: 300
  Column: 70

----------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 318 and form
  Line: 323
  Column: 16

-------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 316 and div
  Line: 324
  Column: 13

-----------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 357
  Column: 17

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 359 and a
  Line: 361
  Column: 11

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 358 and h2
  Line: 362
  Column: 10

-------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 383
  Column: 19

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 385 and a
  Line: 386
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 384 and h2
  Line: 387
  Column: 6

---------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 445
  Column: 15

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: img line 447 and a
  Line: 448
  Column: 7

------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: a line 446 and h2
  Line: 449
  Column: 6

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 444 and div
  Line: 458
  Column: 7

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 382 and div
  Line: 461
  Column: 7

-----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: h2 line 356 and article
  Line: 463
  Column: 11

-------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: table line 274 and div
  Line: 474
  Column: 7

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 477
  Column: 96

----------------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'copy' not defined
  Line: 483
  Column: 34

---------------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'mdash' not defined
  Line: 487
  Column: 27

--------------------^
Fatal Error 26: Entity 'nbsp' not defined
  Line: 648
  Column: 20

----------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: input line 648 and p
  Line: 648
  Column: 70

----------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: p line 618 and form
  Line: 650
  Column: 10

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
Fatal Error 23: EntityRef: expecting ';'
  Line: 661
  Column: 84

-------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: form line 617 and div
  Line: 673
  Column: 13

--------------------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 260 and body
  Line: 673
  Column: 20

--------^
Fatal Error 76: Opening and ending tag mismatch: div line 255 and html
  Line: 674
  Column: 8

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag article line 253
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 243
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 241
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 240
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag div line 174
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag body line 154
  Line: 675
  Column: 1

-^
Fatal Error 77: Premature end of data in tag html line 3
  Line: 675
  Column: 1


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

    
    
    
    

<head>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
	<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="FSF, Free Software Foundation, Free Software, Libre Software" />
	<meta http-equiv="Description" content="The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom." />
	

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />

<base href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-foundation" /><!--[if lt IE 7]></base><![endif]-->


<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=0.6666; maximum-scale=1.0; minimum-scale=0.6666" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />


<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="Plone - http://plone.org" />
<title>Front Page &mdash; Free Software Foundation &mdash; working together for free software</title>




  <style type="text/css">
  .portlet-static-supporter,.portlet-static-appeal-portlet /*{display: 
none !important;}*/
  
  #breadcrumbs-you-are-here {display: none !important;}
  #fsf-sidebar {margin-top: 10px;}
  table, td, tr, tbody, thead{border: 0 !important;}
  
  ul.section-links a:link {
    color:black;
    text-decoration:none;
  }
  
  ul.section-links a:hover {
    color:#7f8c8d;
    text-decoration:underline;
  }
  
  ul.section-links > li:last-child {
    list-style-type: none;
  }
  
  input.form{
    padding: 2px 2px 2px 2px;
    border-bottom-style: solid;
    border-left-style: solid;
    border-right-style: solid;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-color: #CFD2D4;
    display: normal;
    margin-top: 5px;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    margin-left: 5px;
    margin-right: 5px;
  }
  
  input.form:focus
  {
    border-color: #e67e22;
    outline: 1;
    -webkit-box-shadow: none;
    box-shadow: none;
  }
  
  input.action-button
  {
    background-color: #c0392b;
    border-bottom-left-radius: 5px;
    border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;
    border-top-left-radius: 5px;
    border-top-right-radius: 5px;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 16px;
    border-left-style: none;
    border-right-style: none;
    border-top-style: none;
  }
  
  h2.section-header{
    border-top-color:#e74c3c;
    border-top-style: solid;
    border-top-width: 4px;
    color:#e74c3c;
    font-size: 20px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    padding-top: 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  
  /**
  * Nav bar should be at least as wide as the rest of the content
  * specified by the custom-doc class
  */
  #fsf-nav {
    min-width: 74.923em;
  }
  </style>





<link rel="copyright" title="Copyright information" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/rdf" />
<link rel="author" title="Author information" href="http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone3/css/print-2011-10-13.css" />
<style type="text/css" media="screen"> @import url('//static.fsf.org/nosvn/plone4/css/fsf-2017-11-13.css');</style>
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF News" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/news.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Events" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/events.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="FSF Blogs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="Free Software Jobs" href="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/rss/jobs.xml" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="GNU Project News" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software" href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss" type="application/rss+xml" />






<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<style type="text/css">
	#breadcrumbs-you-are-here,
	#breadcrumbs-home,
	#breadcrumbs-current,
	#breadcrumbs-1 {
		display: none;
	}
	.GNUreleases{
		background-color: #ffffe3;
		border: 1px solid #000000;
		color: Black;
		font-weight: bold;
		width: 200px;
		padding: 10px;
	}
	#portal-languageselector {display: block; position: absolute !important; bottom: 1px; left: 1px;}
	.navi {
		margin-top: 0px;
	}

</style>
</head>
<body class="template-frontpage_view portaltype-document site-fsf section-free-software-foundation icons-on userrole-anonymous" dir="ltr">

<!-- This is where banners go -->

<!--
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/libreplanet/libreplanet-banner.html" width="100%" height="70" align="center"
    frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" style="margin-bottom: 25px;">
  </iframe>

    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2017fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; border: 0 none;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018libreplanet/" width="100%" height="91px" scrolling="no" style="min-width: 730px; overflow: hidden; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static1p.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2018fundraiser/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-spring/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
    <iframe src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/banners/2019fundraiser-fall/" width="100%" height="100%" scrolling="no" style="overflow: hidden; margin: 0; border: 0 none; display: block;"></iframe>
-->

            <!-- FSF MODAL WINDOW GOES HERE -->



<div id="coolio">
	<p class="onlyMobile"><a tabindex="1" href="#content">Skip to content</a>, <a tabindex="2" href="/sitemap#content">sitemap</a> or <a tabindex="3" href="/search_form#content">skip to search</a>.</p>
	<div id="hd" style="margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 6px;" class="custom-doc visualNoPrint">
		<header>

			
			<a href="/">
				<img id="fsf-logo" style="position: absolute; bottom: 0px;" src="//static.fsf.org/common/img/logo-new.png" />
			</a>
			<div id="portal-personaltools-wrapper">

<div id="fsf-custom">

<h5 class="hiddenStructure">Personal tools</h5>

<ul id="portal-personaltools">
  

    
    <li>
       <a href="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/member-dashboard" id="personaltools-login">Log in</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="http://www.fsf.org/help-menu" id="personaltools-login-problems">Help!</a>
  </li>
    
    
    <li>
       <a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/about-the-members-forum" id="personaltools-forum-promo">Members forum</a>
  </li>
    

</ul>
</div>
</div>
			<a href="http://fsf.org/jfb">
				<img id="join-button" src="//static.fsf.org/nosvn/join.en.png" alt="Join now" style="float: right;" />
			</a>
		</header>
	</div>
	<div class="yui-g" id="fsf-nav">
		<div class="navi">
<div>
<div class="custom-doc">

<nav>
<ul class="main-nav navigation">
<li><a href="/about/" title="">About</a></li>
<li><a href="/campaigns/" title="">Campaigns</a></li>
<li><a href="/licensing/" title="">Licensing</a></li>
<li><a href="/associate/" title="">Membership</a></li>
<li><a href="/resources/" title="">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="/community/" title="">Community</a></li>
<li><a href="/donate/" title="">Donate</a></li>
<li><a href="http://shop.fsf.org/" title="">Shop</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>

</div>
</div>
</div>
	</div>


	<div class="custom-doc yui-t5">
		<div id="portal-column-content" class="cell width-3:4 position-0">
			
			<div class="">
			
			

    <dl class="portalMessage info" id="kssPortalMessage" style="display:none">
        <dt>Info</dt>
        <dd></dd>
    </dl>


			<article>
				
				<div id="content">
					
				


<div style="font-size:14px; text-align: left">
  
  <p style="padding: 10px 10px 7px 10px;	margin-bottom: 10px; 
font-weight: bold;	font-size: 16pt;">The Free Software Foundation 
(FSF) is a nonprofit with a worldwide mission to promote computer user 
freedom. We defend the rights of all software users. <a href="https://www.fsf.org/about/"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Read more.</span></a>
  </p>
  
<!-- <div style="background-color: #ecf0f1; text-align: center; 
margin-bottom: 15px; font-size: 14pt;"><p><b>We are hiring!</b> See our listing for an <a
href="resources/jobs/fsf-job-opportunity-outreach-communications-coordinator">Outreach & Communications Coordinator</a>.</p>
 </div>-->

<div style="float: left; width: 50%;">    
  <table cellspacing="20">
	<tr>
	  <td align="center" valign="center">

<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/fsf-gives-freedom-respecting-videoconferencing-to-all-associate-members"><img src="https://static.fsf.org/nosvn/images/email/zoe/remote.png" width="400" style="margin-top:1px;"></a> 

<p><strong><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/fsf-gives-freedom-respecting-videoconferencing-to-all-associate-members">New associate member benefit: free "as in freedom" videoconferencing!</a><br></strong>
Work, play, and communicate with your friends with superior freedom and privacy! <a href="https://my.fsf.org/join?pk_campaign=jitsi&amp;pk_source=joinsupporter">Join the FSF</a> and chat with Jitsi Meet today! </p></td></tr>
</table></div> 
        <div style="margin-left: 530px">
        <p style="float: left;">Free software developers guarantee
 everyone equal rights to their programs; any user can study the source 
code, modify it, and share the program. By contrast, most software 
carries fine print that denies users these basic rights, leaving them 
susceptible to the whims of its owners and vulnerable to 
surveillance.</p>
        
        <ul style="float: left;">
          <li>The FSF provides critical infrastructure and funding
 for the <a href="https://gnu.org">GNU Project</a>, the 
foundation of the popular GNU/Linux family of free operating systems and
 the keystone of the Internet.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns">Campaigns Team</a> creates
 educational materials about free software, convenes the yearly <a href="https://libreplanet.org/conference">LibrePlanet 
conference</a> and goes toe to toe against powerful interests that
 threaten computer user rights.</li>
          <li>Our <a href="https://www.fsf.org/licensing">Licensing & Compliance 
Lab</a> defends freely licensed software from proprietary 
hoarding, advises on licensing issues, and certifies devices that <a href="https://www.fsf.org/ryf">Respect Your 
Freedom</a>.</li>
        </ul>
        <p style="float: left;"><strong>With your support, 
we've done these things for more than 30 years. Help sustain us for many more; <a href="https://fsf.org/jfb">please become a member 
today</a>.</strong></p>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-container">  
        <div class="search-box">
          <p class="search-description">
            Subscribe to our monthly newsletter, the <a href="https://www.fsf.org/free-software-supporter/">Free Software 
Supporter</a>:
          </p>
          <form action="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile/create?reset=1&amp;gid=31" method="post">
          <input type="text" placeholder="Email address" name="email-Primary" size="25" maxlength="80" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Sign up" name="_qf_Edit_next">
          <input name="postURL" type="hidden" value="" />
          <input type="hidden" name="group[25]" value="1" />
          <input name="cancelURL" type="hidden" value="https://my.fsf.org/civicrm/profile?reset=1&amp;gid=31" />
          <input name="_qf_default" type="hidden" value="Edit:cancel" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Search the FSF's Web site:
        </p>
        <form id="sidesearch" name="searchform" action="/search">
          <input name="SearchableText" type="text" size="25" title="Search Site" />
          <input class="action-button" type="submit" value="Search" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
      <div class="search-box">
        <p class="search-description">
          Looking for free software?
        </p>
        <form action="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki">
          <input autocomplete="off" name="search" type="text" size="25" />
          <input class="action-button" name="go" value="Search" type="submit" />
          <input name="title" value="Special:Search" type="hidden" />
        </form>
      </div>
      
    </div>
    
    <blockquote>"I’ve spent a third of my life building software 
based on Stallman’s <a href="https://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">four 
freedoms</a>, and I’ve been astonished by the results. WordPress 
wouldn’t be here if it weren’t for those freedoms, and it couldn’t have 
evolved the way it has." - <a href="/working-together/profiles/matt-mullenweg">Matt 
Mullenweg</a>, co-founder of WordPress</blockquote>
    
    <h2 class="section-header">
      News&nbsp;
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/news.xml">
        <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="News 
RSS subscription button">
      </a>
    </h2>
    <ul class="section-links">
    <!-- Add static news links here -->
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-announces-freedom-respecting-videoconferencing-for-its-associate-members">Free Software Foundation announces freedom-respecting videoconferencing for its associate members</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/free-software-foundation-targets-microsofts-smart-assistant-in-new-campaign">Free Software Foundation targets Microsoft's smart assistant in new   campaign</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/lets-encrypt-jim-meyering-and-clarissa-lima-borges-receive-fsfs-2019-free-software-awards">Let's Encrypt, Jim Meyering, and Clarissa Lima Borges receive FSF's 2019 Free Software Awards</a>
  </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://www.fsf.org/news/young-hackers-to-deliver-opening-keynote-for-libreplanet-conference">Young hackers to deliver opening keynote for LibrePlanet conference</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    » <a href="/news">More news</a>
  </li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Blog Posts&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/blogs.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Blog Posts RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static blog post links here -->
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/sysadmin/introducing-bandali-intern-with-the-fsf-tech-team">Introducing Amin Bandali, intern with the FSF tech team  </a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/fsf-gives-freedom-respecting-videoconferencing-to-all-associate-members">FSF gives freedom-respecting videoconferencing to all associate members</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/may-gnu-spotlight-with-mike-gerwitz-12-new-releases">May GNU Spotlight with Mike Gerwitz: 12 new releases!</a>
</li>
<li>
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/don2019t-miss-your-chance-to-win-fabulous-prizes-get-your-friends-to-join-the-fsf">Don’t miss your chance to win fabulous prizes: Get your friends to join the FSF! </a>
</li>
<li>
  » <a href="/blogs">More blog posts</a>
</li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Take Action</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/virtual-libreplanet-raffle-encourage-others-to-join-fsf-and-win-prizes">
Participate in the virtual LibrePlanet raffle!
</a></li>
<li>
<a href="https://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group:FSF_Community_Team">
Get involved: join the FSF Community Team!
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/hackers-and-hospitals-how-you-can-help">
HACKERS and HOSPITALS: Help to fight COVID-19 with free software</a></li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://www.fsf.org/campaigns/surveillance">
      Protect your freedom and privacy; join us in creating an Internet 
that's safer from surveillance
    </a>
  </li>
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/working-together/moving">Make the switch to free software</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">Bulletin</h2>
<ul class="section-links">
<li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/building-ethical-software-based-on-the-four-freedoms">
Building ethical software based on the four freedoms
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2019/fall/the-respects-your-freedom-ryf-certification-process">
The Respects Your Freedom (RYF) certification process
</a>
</li>
<li>» <a href="https://fsf.org/bulletin/">Past Bulletin issues</a></li>
</ul>

<h2 class="section-header">
  Events&nbsp;
  <a href="https://www.fsf.org/static/fsforg/rss/events.xml">
    <img src="//static.fsf.org/fsforg/css/img/rss.gif" alt="Events RSS subscription button">
  </a>
</h2>

<ul class="section-links">
<!-- Add static event links here -->
<li>
  » <a href="/events">More events</a>
</li>
</ul>

</div>


</div>

</article>

</div>

<div id="viewlet-below-content">





</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="visualNoPrint" id="mission-statement">
	<p class="c">The FSF is a charity with a worldwide mission to advance software freedom &mdash; <a href="/about">learn about our history and work.</a></p>
</div>
<div id="ft" class="visualNoPrint">
	<footer>
		<div id="ft-inner" class="custom-doc">
			<div id="copyright">
				<p class="c">Copyright &copy; 2004-2020 <a href="/about/contact.html" title="Find out how to contact us">Free
					Software Foundation</a>, Inc. <a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a>.</p>
					<p>This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/">Creative
						Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0 license (or later
						version)</a> &mdash; <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#OpinionLicenses">Why this license?</a></p>
					</div>
					<div id="fsf-links-outer">
						<div class="yui-g visualNoPrint noMobile" id="fsf-links">
							<div>
    <nav>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-1">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip sitemap</a> or <a href="#sitemap-2">skip to licensing items</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="/about/">About</a>

        <ul>
       
          <li><a href="/about/staff-and-board">Staff and Board</a></li>
          <li><a href="/about/contact.html">Contact Us</a></li>
          <li><a href="/press">Press Information</a></li>
          <li><a href="/resources/jobs">Jobs</a></li>
          <li><a href="/volunteer">Volunteering and Internships</a></li>
          
        </ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://my.fsf.org/donate/privacypolicy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://weblabels.fsf.org/www.fsf.org/CURRENT/" rel="jslicense">JavaScript Licenses</a></li>
        <li><a href="/resources/hw">Hardware Database</a></li>
      <li><a href="http://directory.fsf.org">Free Software Directory</a></li>

        <li><a href="/resources/">Free Software Resources</a></li>
        <li><a href="/about/dmca-notice">Copyright Infringement Notification</a></li>
      </ul>

    </div>

    <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-2">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-3">Skip to general items</a></p>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns">Campaigns</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/priority-projects/">High Priority Free Software Projects</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/freejs/">Free JavaScript</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/campaigns/secure-boot-vs-restricted-boot/">Secure Boot vs Restricted Boot</a></li>
        <li><a href="/windows/">Upgrade from Windows</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/surveillance/">Surveillance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/">GNU Operating System</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://defectivebydesign.org/">Defective by Design</a></li>
        <li><a href="http://endsoftpatents.org/">End Software Patents</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/opendocument/">OpenDocument</a></li>
        <li><a href="/campaigns/free-bios.html">Free BIOS</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://libreplanet.org/">Connect with free software users</a></li>
      </ul></li></ul>

    
    </div>
    </div>
    <div class="yui-g first">
        <div class="yui-u first" id="sitemap-3">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#sitemap-4">Skip to philosophical items</a></p>
           <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing">Licensing</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="/licensing/education">Education</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/licenses">Licenses</a>
        <ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU GPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html">GNU AGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU LGPL</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html">GNU FDL</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html">Licensing FAQ</a></li>
        <li><a href="/licensing/compliance">Compliance</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-howto.html">How to use GNU licenses for your own software</a></li></ul></li>

      </ul>

      <ul>

      <li><a href="/news/">Latest News</a><ul>
        <li><a href="/events/">Upcoming Events</a></li>
      <li><a href="/blogs/">FSF Blogs</a></li></ul></li>
      
      </ul>

      
    </div>
        <div class="yui-u" id="sitemap-4">

          <p class="netscape4"><a href="#ft">Skip list</a></p>

      <ul>
        <li><a href="http://donate.fsf.org">Donate to the FSF</a></li>
        <li><a href="/jfb">Join the FSF</a></li>
      <li><a href="https://www.fsf.org/patrons">Patrons</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/">Associate Members</a></li>
      <li><a href="/associate/account/">My Account</a></li>
      <li><a href="/working-together/fund">Working Together for Free Software Fund</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/">Philosophy</a><ul>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html">The Free Software Definition</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and Free Manuals</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling.html">Selling Free Software</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html">Motives for Writing Free Software</a></li>

        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html">The Right To Read</a></li>
        <li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software</a></li></ul></li>
        <li><a href="/sitemap">Complete Sitemap</a></li>
      </ul>
      
    </div>
    </div>
</nav>

</div>
						</div>
					</div>
				</div>
			</footer>
		</div>
		<div class="c visualNoPrint noMobile" id="powered-by">
			<h5 class="netscape4">fsf.org is powered by:</h5>
			<ul>
				<li id="powered-by-plone"><a href="http://plone.org" title="Plone Powered">Plone</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-zope"><a href="http://zope.org" title="Powered by Zope">Zope</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-python"><a href="http://python.org" title="Powered by Python">Python</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-civicrm"><a href="http://civicrm.org" title="Powered by CiviCRM">CiviCRM</a></li>
				<li id="powered-by-html5"><a href="http://www.w3.org/html">HTML5</a></li>
			</ul>
		</div>
		<form class="c" action="./" method="get" id="choose-language">
			<p><select name="set_language">
				<option value="ar">Arabic</option>
				<option value="be">Belarussian</option>
				<option value="bg">Bulgarian</option>
				<option value="ca">Catalan</option>
				<option value="zh">Chinese</option>
				<option value="kw">Cornish</option>
				<option value="cs">Czech</option>
				<option value="da">Danish</option>
				<option value="en" selected="selected">English</option>
				<option value="fr">French</option>
				<option value="de">German</option>
				<option value="el">Greek</option>
				<option value="he">Hebrew</option>
				<option value="hi">Hindi</option>
				<option value="it">Italian</option>
				<option value="ja">Japanese</option>
				<option value="ko">Korean</option>
				<option value="no">Norwegian</option>
				<option value="pl">Polish</option>
				<option value="pt">Portuguese</option>
				<option value="pt-br">Portuguese (Brazil)</option>
				<option value="ro">Romanian</option>
				<option value="ru">Russian</option>
				<option value="sk">Slovak</option>
				<option value="es">Spanish</option>
				<option value="sv">Swedish</option>
				<option value="tr">Turkish</option>
				<option value="ur">Urdu</option>
				<option value="cy">Welsh</option>
			</select> &nbsp; <input type="submit" value="Select language"></p>
			<p><small>Send your feedback on our translations and new translations of pages to <a href="mailto:campaigns@fsf.org">campaigns@fsf.org</a>.</small></p>
		</form>
<div style="width:100%;"><center>
      <span style="color:#fff;text-align:right;">1PC9aZC4hNX2rmmrt7uHTfYAS3hRbph4UN</span>
</center>
<div>
	</div>
	<script>
	</script>

        <!-- Piwik -->
        <script type="text/javascript">
        // @license magnet:?xt=urn:btih:c80d50af7d3db9be66a4d0a86db0286e4fd33292&dn=bsd-3-clause.txt BSD-3-Clause
                var pkBaseURL = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://piwik.fsf.org/" : "http://piwik.fsf.org/");
                document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + pkBaseURL + "piwik.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
        try {
                var piwikTracker = Piwik.getTracker(pkBaseURL + "piwik.php", 5);
                piwikTracker.trackPageView();
                piwikTracker.enableLinkTracking();
        } catch( err ) {}
        // @license-end
</script><noscript><p><img src="//piwik.fsf.org/piwik.php?idsite=5" style="border:0" alt="" /></p></noscript>
<!-- End Piwik Tracking Code -->

</div></div></body>
</html>


